Τόμος 34 (2020) – Τεύχος 3 –Άρθρο 7 – Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 34 (2020) – Issue 3 – Article 7 – Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition

Dimitra Metallinou^1,2, Anastasia Liagkou³, Aikaterini Lykeridou¹, Stavroula Gavrili², Sofia Kalantaridou⁴

¹ Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Health and Care Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece

² Neonatal Department, “Alexandra” General Hospital, Athens, Greece

³ Maternity and Gynecological Clinic, Iaso General, Athens, Greece

⁴ 3^rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Attikon” General University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection and significantly crucial, as maternal infection is asymptomatic or characterized by flu-like symptoms. Transmission though to the developing fetus, can result in serious morbidity, mortality or long-term sequelae, including sensorineural hearing loss.

Congenital CMV infection (cCMV) meets many of the criteria for screening but currently there are no accepted worldwide programs that offer maternal or neonatal screening. Diagnostic methodologies, ideally early in pregnancy, can identify mothers as CMV-seronegative, primary or non-primary (reinfection or reactivation) infected, while fetal diagnosis through polymerase chain reaction in the amniotic fluid has the highest sensitivity and specificity. Acquired CMV infection postnatally can potentially lead to acute and severe disease, especially in preterm or low birth weight neonates.

The aim of this review is to emphasize on the vitality of advanced and evidence-based perinatal care, as there are neither vaccines to prevent CMV infection nor efficacious therapies available for the treatment of maternal or fetal CMV infection.  The role of healthcare professionals is described extensively in antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum period. Finally, recommendations for upgrading quality of perinatal care are made in order to be maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes improved in cCMV infection.

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