Title | Studies on drug-membrane interactions using solid state NMR, small angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry | |
Authors | Alexandros Makriyannis¹ and Thomas Mavromoustakos²
1. Section of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, and Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 2. Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 |
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Citation | Makriyannis, A., Mavromoustakos, T.: Studies on drug-membrane interactions using solid state NMR, small angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 3(2): 95-114 (1989) | |
Publication Date | 1989-07 | |
Full Text Language | English | |
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Keywords | Membranes, physicochemical method, biophysical techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR, spectroscopy, drug analogs, solid state, molecular information. | |
Other Terms | review article | |
Summary | Because of their complexity and inherent instability, membranes do not lend themselves to a detailed analysis of their structure and dynamics by means of a single physicochemical method. It is, therefore, preferable to combine several experimental methods when seeking to obtain molecular information on the interactions of drugs with membranes. This brief review describes how three biophysical techniques, namely differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle x-ray diffraction and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can be combined for such studies. As examples, we have used some results from our work with two classes of drug analogs, anesthetic steroids and cannabinoids, both of which appear to induce their physiological effects, at least in part, by interacting with cellular membranes. Our studies were aimed at examining how the stereoelectronic properties of a drug molecule can govern its effects on the membrane and play an important role in determining its pharmacological properties. We have shown that some drug analogs, closely related in structure, can produce strikingly different effects on membrane preparations. These differences are used to explain the respectively large differences in pharmacological potencies between the analogs. DSC is used to study the effects of drugs on the phase properties of membranes while small angle x-ray diffraction can give information on the structural changes produced by the drug molecule in the membrane and also help us identify the exact location of the drug in the bilayer. Solid-state NMR gives the most detailed molecular information and can identify changes in membrane conformation and dynamics produced by the drug. It can also be used to identify the orientation and conformation of the drug in the membrane. Such studies can lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) of drug action and provide a rational basis for the design of novel and more effective therapeutic agents. | |
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