Τόμος 3 (1989) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 3 (1989) – Issue 2 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Title Metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Author Costas Ioannides

Department of Biochemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 5XH, U.K

Citation Ioannides, C.: Metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 3(2): 115-122 (1989)
Publication Date 1989-10
Full Text Language English
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Keywords Metabolic activation, metabolism, chemical carcinogens, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dihydrodiolepoxides, cytochrome P-450.
Other Terms review article
Summary The carcinogenicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is mediated through reactive intermediates, the dihydrodiolepoxides, generated by the metabolism of the parent compound. The formation of dihydrodiolepoxides involves three metabolic steps, two oxidations catalysed by the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed-function oxidases and a hydration catalysed by the microsomal epoxide hydratase. Simultaneously, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are also subject to metabolism that transforms them into inactive species, so that the overall formation of reactive intermediates is largely dependent on the rates of activation/deactivation. Of the various families of cytochrome P-450, it is the P450 I family (cytochromes P-448), particularly the A1 protein, that selectively catalyses the two oxidations. In control, untreated animals the levels of P450 I in the liver, the major site of metabolism, are they low so that activation constitutes a minor pathway. However, many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, on repeated administration, are potent, selective inducers of the P450 I family, thus stimulating their own activation and potentiating their carcinogenicity. It is concluded that the induction of the P450 I family of proteins by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may be a major, determinant factor of their carcinogenic potential. Since orthofogous proteins have been detected in human tissues, it is very likely that P450 I induction may be also relevant to the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced human cancers.
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