Τόμος 6 (1992) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 6 (1992) – Issue 2 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Chemistry Department, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, Athens, Greece

Accepted for publication: 16 August 1992

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

2.    Cros, C.: Oxygen radicals and human disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 107: 526 (1987)

3.    Oberley, L.W., Oberley, T.D.: Free radicals, cancer and aging. In: Free Radicals, Aging and Degenerative Diseases (J.E. Johnson, R. Walford, D. Harman, J. Miquel, des), p. 325, Alan R. Liss Inc., New York, 1986

4.    Messina, M.J.: Oxidative stress status and cancer: methodology applicable for human studies. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 10: 175 (1991)

5.    Farber, E.: Chemical carcinogenesis. A biological perspective. Am. J. Pathol. 2: 271 (1982)

6.    Pitot, H.C., Goldsworthy, T., Moran, S.: The natural history of carcinogenesis: implications of experimental carcinogenesis in the genesis of human cancer. J. Supramol. Struc. Cell Biochem. 17: 133 (1981)

7 T.J. Stage (ed.); Mechanisms of Tumor Promotion, Vol. 1-4, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1984

8.    Trush, M.A., Kensler, T.W.: An overview of the relationship between oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 10: 201 (1991)

9.    Fridovich, I.: Biological effects of superoxide radical. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 247: 1 (1986)

10.  Floyd, R.A., Lewis, C.A.: Hydroxyl free radical formation from hydrogen peroxide by ferrous ion-nucleotide complexes. Biochemistry 22: 2645 (1983)

11.  Janzen, E.G.: A critical review of spin trapping in biological systems. In: Free Radicals in Biology (W.A. Pryor, ed.), pp. 115-154, Academic Press, New York, 1980

12.  Nakayama, T., Kimura, T., Kodama, M., Nagata, C.: Generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion from active metabolites of napthylamine and aminoazo dyes: its possible role in carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 4: 765(1983)

13.  Cunningham, M.L., Lokesh, B.R.: Superoxide anion generated by potassium superoxide is cytotoxic and mutagenic to Chinese hamster ovary cells. Mutat. Res. 121: 299(1983)

14.  Ito, A., Watanabe, H., Naito, Y.: Induction of duodenal tumors in mice by oral administration of hydrogen peroxide. Gann. 72: 174 (1981)

15.  Church, D.F., Pryor, W.A.: Free radical chemistry of cigarette smoke and its toxicological implications. Environ. Health Perspect. 64: 111 (1985)

16.  Floyd, R.A.: Role of oxygen free radicals in carcinogenesis and brain ischemia. FASEB 4: 2587 (1990).

17.  Brawn, Κ., Fridovich, I.: DNA strand scission by enzymically generated oxygen radicals. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 206: 414 (1981)

18.  MacRae, W.D., Stich, H.F.: Induction of sister-chromatid exchange in Chinese hamster ovary cells by thiol and hydrazine compounds. Mutat. Res. 65: 351 (1979)

19.  Hochstein, P., Atallah, A.S.: The nature of antioxidant systems in the inhibition of mutation and cancer. Mutat. Res. 202: 363 (1988)

20.  Tsang, W.-S., Griffin, G.W.: Metabolic Activation of Poly nuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Perga mon Press, Oxford, 1979

21.  Dix, T.A., Marnett, L.J.: Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives to ultimate carcinogens during lipid peroxidation. Science 221: 77 (1983)

21a. Benakis, A., Plessas, C.T., Plessas, ST.: Metabolic activation of naturally occurring compounds and cancer. Epitheor. Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet., Ell. Ekd, 6: 156 (1988)

22.  Sun, Yi: Free radicals, antioxidant enzymes, and carcinogenesis. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 8: 583 (1990)

23.  Kensler, T.M., Taffe, B.G.; Free radicals in tumor promotion. Adv. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 2: 347 (1986)

24.  Stage, T.J., Salanski, V., Logani, M.: Studies on the mechanism of action of antitumor promoting agents. Suggestive evidence for the involvement of free radicals in promotion. In: Radioprotectors and Anticarcinogens (O.F. Nygaard, M.G. Simic, eds) pp. 471-485, Academic Press, New York, 1983

25.  Slaga, T.J., Klein-Szanto, A.J.P., Triplett, L.L., Yotti, L.P.: Skin tumor-promoting activity of benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical-generating compound. Science 213: 1023(1981)

26.  Laudolph, J.R.: Mechanisms of chemically induced multistep neoplastic transformation in C3H 101/2 cells. In: Carcinogenesis -A Comprehensive Survey (E. Huberman, S.H. Barr, eds), pp. 211-213, vol. 10, Raven Press, New York, 1985

27.  Solanki, V., Rama, R.S., Slaga, T.J.: Diminution of mouse epidermal superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by tumor promoters. Carcinogenesis 2: 1411 (1981)

28.  Nakamura, Y., Gindhart, T.D., Winterstein, D., Tomita, I., Seed, J.L., Colburn, N.H.: Early SOD-sensitive event promotes neoplastic transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 cells. Carcinogenesis 9: 203 (1988)

29.  Kozumbo, W.J., Cerutti, P.A.: Antioxidants as antitumor promoters. In: Antimutagenesis and Anticarcinogenesis Mechanisms. (D.M. Shankel, P.E. Hartman, T. Kada, A. Hollaender, eds), pp. 491-506, Plenum Press, New York, 1986

30.  Ames, B.N.: Dietary carcinogens and anticarcinogens. Oxygen radicals and degenerative diseases. Science 227: 1256 (1983)

31.  Burton, G.W., Ingold, K.U.: Mechanisms of antioxidant action. Studies of vitamin E and related antioxidants in biological systems. In: Protective Agents in Cancer (T.F. Slater, ed.), pp. 81-99, Academic Press, New York, 1983

32.  Ames, B.N.: The measurement of oxidative damage in humans: relation to cancer and aging. In: Medical, Biochemical and Chemical Aspects of Free Radicals (O. Hayainshi, E. Niki, M. Kondo, T. Yoshikawa, eds), pp. 1453-1460, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989

33.  Borek, C., Ong, A., Mason, H., Donahue, L., Biaglow, J.E.: Selenium and vitamin E inhibit radiogenic and chemically induced transformation in vitro via different mechanisms of action. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 1490(1986)

34.  Austin, H., Delzell, E., Cole, P.: Benzene and leukemia: a review of the literature and a risk assessment. Am. J. Epidemiol. 727 419(1988)

35.  Kalf, G.F.: Recent advances in the metabolism and toxicity of benzene. CRC Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 18:141 (1987)

36.  Smith, M.T., Yager, J.W., Steinmetz, K.L., Eastmond, D.     A.: Peroxidase-dependent metabolism of benzene’s phenolic metabolites and its potential role in benzene toxicity and carcinogenicity. Environ. Health Perspect. 82: 23(1989)

37.  Kahn, S., Krishnamurthy R., Pandya, K.P.: Generation of hydroxyl radicals during benzene toxicity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 39: 1393 (1990)

38.  Subrahmanyam, V.V., Ross, D., Eastmond, D.A., Smith, M.T.: Potential role of free radicals in benzene-induced myelotoxicity and leukemia. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 11: 495 (1991)

39.  Babbs, C.F.: Free radicals and the etiology of colon cancer. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 8: 191 (1990)

40.  W.A. Creasey: Diet and Cancer. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 1985

41.  L. Tomatis, A. Aitio, N.E. Day et al (eds): Cancer: Causes, Occurrence and Control, p. 69. IARC Scientific Pub!., No 100, Lyon, 1990

42.  Goodwin, P.J., Boyd, N.F.: Mammographic parenchymal patterns and breast cancer risk: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Am. J. Epidemiol. 127: 1097 (1988)

43.  Boyd, N.F., McGuire, V.: The possible role of lipid peroxidation in breast cancer risk. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 10: 185 (1991)

44.  Draper, H.H., Polensek, L., Hadley, M., McGirr, L.G.: Urinary malonaldehyde as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in the diet and in tissues. Lipids 19: 836 (1984)

45.  Ames, B.N., Hollstein, M.G., Cathcart, S.: Lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage to DNA. In: Lipid Peroxides in Biology and Medicine (K. Yagi, ed.), pp. 339-351, Academic Press, New York, 1982

46.  McBrien, D.C., Slater, T.F.: Free Radicals, Lipid Peroxidation and Cancer. Academic Press, New York, 1982

47.  Kamp, D.N., Graceffa, P., Pryor, W.A., Weitzman, S.A.: The role of free radicals in asbestos-induced diseases. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 12: 293 (1992)

48.  Halliwell, B., Gutteridge, J.M.C.: Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, p. 306, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1985

49.  Wattenberg, L.W.: Chemoprevention of cancer. Cancer Res. 45: 1 (1985)

50.  Slaga, T.J., Bracken, W.N.: The effects of antioxidants on skin tumor initiation and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. Cancer Res. 37: 1631 (1977)

51.  Doroshow, J.H.: Role of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical formation in the killing of Ehrlich tumor cells by the anticancer quinones. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83: 4514(1986)

52.  Sinha. B.K., Trush, M.A., Kennedy, K.A., Mimnaugh, E.    G.: Enzymatic activation and binding of adriamycin to nuclear DNA. Cancer Res. 44: 2892(1984)

53.  Mimnaugh, E.G., Kennedy, K.A., Trush, M.A., Sinha, B.K.: Adriamycin-enhanced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat nuclei. Cancer Res. 45: 3296 (1985)

54.  Lown, J.W., Chen, H.H., Plambeck, J.A., Acton, E.M.: Further studies on the generation of reactive oxygen species from activated anthracyclines and their relationship to cytotoxic action and cardiotoxic effects. Biochem. Pharmacol. 31: 575 (1982)

55.  Sinha, B.K., Mimnaugh, E.G.: Free radicals and anticancer drug resistance: oxygen free radicals in the mechanisms of drug cytotoxicity and resistance by certain tumors. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 8: 567 (1990)

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr