Τόμος 17 (2003) – Τεύχος 3 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 17 (2003) – Issue 3 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Technological Educational Institution of Lamia, Lamia, Greece

 Accepted for publication: 25 September 2003

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

2.    Deltsidou A., Lykeridou K., Plessas S.: Licit substance abuse during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus. Epitheor. Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. Intern. Ed. 15: 21-32 (2001)

3.    National Institute of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: National pregnancy and health survey-drug use among women delivering live births. MD NCADI Publication no. BKD192 (1992)

4.    Κοκκέβη A., Στεφανής K.: Τα ναρκωτικά στην Ελλάδα: Η διαχρονική πορεία της χρήσης. Ερευνητικό Πανεπιστημιακό Ινστιτούτο Ψυχικής Υγιεινής, Αθήνα: 71-78, 191-197 (1994)

5.    Lee E.W., D’ Alonzo G.E.: Cigarette smoking, nicotine addiction and pharmacologic treatment. Arch. Intern. Med. 153: 34-48 (1993)

6.    Youngstrom N.: Fetal alcohol syndrome carries severe deficits. APA Monitor 23(4): 32 (1992)

7.    Hollister L., Reaven G.: Delta-9-tetrahydrokannabinol and glucose tolerance. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 16: 297- 302 (1974)

8.    Malanga C.J., Kosofsky B.E.: Mechanisms of action of drugs of abuse on the developing fetal brain. Clin. Perinatol. 26(1): 17-37, v-vi (1999)

9.    Lee M.J.: Marihuana and Tobacco use in pregnancy. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North Am. 25: 65-78 (1998)

10.  Klausner R, Dingell J.: The metabolism and excretion of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the rat. Life Sci. 10: 49-59 (1971)

11.  Kreutz D., Axelrod J.: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol: Localization in body fat. Science 179: 391-392 (1973)

12.  Heikkila J.I., Fritchie G.C., Engleber L.T., Ho B.T., Mclsaac W.M.: Placental transfer of tritiated 1-D9-tetrahydrocannabinnol. N. Engl. J. Med. 281: 330 (1969)

13.  Jones R.: Human effects: An overview. NIDA Res. Monogr. 31: 54-80 (1980)

14.  Elsohly M.A., Stanford D.F., Murphy T.P., et al.: Immunoassay and GC-MS procedures for the analysis of drugs of abuse in meconium. J. Anal. Toxicol. 23: 436-45 (1999)

15.  Day N.L., Ritsardson G.: Prenatal marihuana use: Epidemiology, methodologic issues, and infant outcome. Clin. Perinatol. 18: 77-91 (1991)

16.  Kline J., Stein Z., Hutzler M.: Cigarettes, alcohol and marihuana: Varying associations with birthweight. Intern. J. Epidemiol. 16: 44-51 (1987)

17.  Bennett A.D.: Perinatal substance abuse and the drug-exposed neonate. Adv. Nurse Pract. 7(5): 32-6; quiz 37-8 (1999)

18.  Shiono P.H., Klebanoff M.A., Nugent R.P., et al.: The impact of cocaine and marihuana use on low birth weight and preterm birth: a multicenter study. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 172 (1 Pt 1): 19-27 (1995)

19.  Balle J., Olofsson M.J., Hilden J.: [Cannabis and pregnancy]. Ugeskr. Laeger. 161: 5024-5028 (1999)

20.  Hingson R., Alpert J.J., Day N., et al.: Effects of maternal drinking and marihuana use on fetal growth and development. Pediatrics 70: 539-546 (1982)

21.  Witter F.R., Niebyl J.R.: Marihuana in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. Am. J. Perinatol. 7: 36-38 (1990)

22.  Greenland S., Richwald G.A., Honda G.D.: The effects of marihuana use during pregnancy. II. A study in a low-risk home-delivery population. Drug Alcohol Depend. 11: 359-366 (1983)

23.  Linn S., Schoenbaum S.C., Monson R.R., et al.: The association marihuana use with outcome of pregnancy. Am. J. Public Health 73: 1161-1164 (1983)

24.  Conner C.S.: Marihuana and alcohol use in pregnancy. Drug Intell. Clin. Pharm. 18: 233-234 (1984)

25.  Behnke M., Eyler F.D.: The consequences of prenatal substance use for the developing fetus, newborn, and young child. Int. J. Addict. 28: 1341-1391 (1993)

26.  Zuckerman B., Frank D., Hingson R., et al.: Effects of maternal marihuana and cocaine use on fetal growth. N. Engl. J. Med. 320: 762-768 (1989)

27.  Braunstein G.D., Buster J.E., Soares J.R., et al.: Pregnancy hormone concentrations in marihuana users. Life Sci. 33: 195-199 (1983)

28.  Fried P.A., Watkinson B., Gray R.: Growth from birth to early adolescence in offspring prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 21: 513-525 (1999)

29.  Day N., Cornelius M., Goldschmidt L., Richardson G., Robles N., Taylor P.: The effects of prenatal tobacco and marihuana use on offspring growth from birth through 3 years of age. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 14: 407-414 (1992)

30.  Fried P.A., Watkinson B.: 12- and 24-month neurobehavioural follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes and alcohol. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 10: 305-313 (1988)

31.  Walker A., Rosenberg M., Balaban-Gil K.: Neurodevelopmental and neurobehavioral sequelae of selected substances of abuse and psychiatric medications in utero. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. Clin. N. Am. 8: 845-867 (1999)

32.  Fried P.A., Watkinson B., Dillon R.F., Dulberg C.S.: Neonatal neurological status in a low-risk population after prenatal exposure to cigarettes, marihuana, and alcohol. J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 8: 318-326 (1987)

33.  Fried P.A., O’Connell C.M., Watkinson B.: 60- and 72- month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marihuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: cognitive and language assessment, J. Dev. Behav. Pediatr. 13: 383-391 (1992)

34.  Cornelius M.D., Taylor P.M., Geva D., Day N.L.: Prenatal tobacco and marihuana use among adolescents: effects on offspring gestational age, growth, and morphology. Pediatrics 95: 738-743 (1995)

35.  Qazi Q.H., Mariano E., Milman D.H., et al.: Abnormalities in offspring associated with prenatal marihuana exposure. Dev. Pharmacol. Ther. 8: 141-148 (1985)

36.  Hatch E., Bracken M.: Effects of marijuana use in pregnancy on fetal growth. Am. J. Epidemiol. 124: 986-993 (1986)

37.  Scher M.S., Richardson G.A., Coble P.A., et al.: The effects of prenatal alcohol and marihuana exposure: disturbances in neonatal sleep cycling and arousal. Pediatr. Res. 24: 101-105 (1988)

38.  Sherwood R.A., Keating J., Kavvadia V., et al.: Substance misuse in early pregnancy and relationship to fetal outcome. Eur. J. Pediatr. 158: 488-492 (1999)

39.  Day N.L., Richardson G.A., Goldschmidt L, et al.: Effect of prenatal marihuana exposure on the cognitive development of offspring at age three. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 16: 169-175 (1994)

40.  Fried P.A.: Prenatal exposure to marihuana and tobacco during infancy, early and middle childhood: effects and an attempt at synthesis. Arch. Toxicol. Suppl. 17: 233- 260(1995)

41.  Grufferman S., Schwartz A.G., Ruymann F.B., Maurer H.M.: Parents’ use of cocaine and marihuana and increased risk of rhabdomyosarcoma in their children. Cancer Causes Control 4: 217-224 (1993)

42.  Goldschmidt L., Day N.L., Richardson G.A.: Effects of prenatal marihuana exposure on child behavior problems at age 10. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 22: 325-336 (2000)

43.  Fried P.A., Watkinson B.: Visuoperceptual functioning differs in 9- to 12-year olds prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 22: 11-20 (2000)

44.  Eyler F.D., Behnke M.: Early development of infants exposed to drugs prenatally. Clin. Perinatol. 26: 107-150, vii (1999)

45.  Cayol V., Corcos M., Clervoy P., Speranza M.: [Pregnancy and drug abuse: current situation and therapeutic strategies], Ann. Med. Interne. (Paris) 151 Suppl B: 20-6 (2000)

46.  Blondel S., Lefebvre P., Tondeur M., Blum D.: [Neonatal abstinence syndrome: current and future aspects]. Rev. Med. Brux. 14(3): 73-77 (1993)

47.  Kelly J.J., Davis P.G., Henschke P.N.: The drug epidemic: effects on newborn infants and health resource consumption at a tertiary perinatal centre. J. Paediatr. Child Health 36: 262-264 (2000)

48.  Sarman I.: Methadone treatment during pregnancy and its effect on the child. Better than continuing drug abuse, should be monitored by a specialized antenatal care center]. Lakartidningen 97: 2182-2184, 2187-2188, 2190 (2000)

49.  Agarwal P., Rajadural V.S., Bhavani S., Tan K.W.: Perinatal drug abuse in KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 28: 795-799 (1999)

50.  Schneider C., Fischer G., Diamant K., et al.: [Pregnancy and drug dependence], Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. 108: 611-614 (1996)

51.  Habbick B.: Fetal alcohol syndrome in Saskatchewan: unchanged incidence in a 20-year period. Can. J. Public Health 87: 204-207 (1996)

52.  Deltsidou A.: Opioids and Methadone Exposure during Pregnancy. Epitheor. Klin. Farmakoi. Farmakokinet. Intern. Ed. 16: 207-212 (2002)

53.  Deltsidou A.: Cocaine Abuse in Pregnancy. Epitheor. Klin. Farmakoi. Farmakokinet. Intern. Ed. 3S: 225-232 (2001)

54.  Lindenskov L., Johnsen K., Larsen K., Lange A.P.: Pregnancy and drug abuse. Ugeskr. Laeger. 161: 5005- 5009 (1999)

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr