Τόμος 14 (2000) – Τεύχος 1 – Άρθρο 2 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 14 (2000) – Issue 1 – Article 2 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Title The aetiology of Grave’s disease: what is the genetic contribution?
Authors George Philippou and Alan M. McGregor

Department of Medicine, King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry, Bessemer Road, London SE5 89PJ, UK

Citation Philippou, G., McGregor, A.M.: The aetiology of Grave’s disease: what is the genetic contribution?, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 14(1): 15-18 (2000)
Publication Date Received for publication: 6 December 1999

Accepted for publication: 10 December 1999

Full Text Language English
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Keywords Grave’s disease, aetiology, genetic contribution.
Other Terms review article
Summary
References 1.    Wetman A.P., McGregor A.M.: Autoimmune thyroid disease: further developments in our understanding. Endocr. Rev. 15: 788-830 (1994)

2.    Hawkes C.H.; Twin studies in medicine-what do they tell us? Quartely J. Med. 90: 311-321 (1997)

3.    Brix T.H., Christensen K., Holm N.V., Harvald B., Hegedus L.: A population based study of Graves’ disease in Danish twins, Clin. Endocrinol. (1998)

4.    Ratanachaiyavong S., Lloyd L., Darke C., McGregor A.M.: MHC-extended haplotypes in families of patients with Graves’ disease. Hum. Immunol. 36: 99-111 (1993)

5.    Yanagawa T., Mangklabruks A., De Groot L.J.: Strong association between HLA-DQA1*0501 and Graves’ disease in a male Caucasian population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79: 227-229 (1994)

6.    Cuddihy R.M., Bahn R.S.: Lack of an independent association between the human leukocyte antigen allele DGAr0501 and Graves’ disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81: 847-849 (1996)

7.    Barlow A.B.T., Wheatcroft N., Watson P., Weetman A.P.: Association of HLA-DQA1*0501 with Graves’ disease in English Caucasian men and women. Clin. Endocrinol. 44: 73-77(1996)

8.    Blakemore A.I.F., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P. et al.: Association of Graves’ disease with an allele of the lnter-leukin-1 receptor antagonist gene. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80: 111-115 (1995)

9.    Davies T.F., Martin. A, Conception E.S., Graves P., Cohen l., Ben-Nun A.: Evidence of limited variability of antigen receptors on intrathyroidal T cells in autoimmune thyroid disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 325: 238-244 (1991)

10.  Davies T.F., Martin A., Conception E.S., Graves P., Lahat N., Cohen W.L., Ben-Nun A.: (1992). Evidence for selective accumulation of intrathyroidal T lymphocytes in human autoimmune thyroid disease based on T cell receptor V gene usage. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 157-162 (1992)

11.  McIntosh R.S., Tandon N., Pickerill A.P., Davies R., Barnett D., Weetman A.P.: IL-2 receptor-positive intrathyroidal lymphocytes in Graves’ disease: Analysis of Va transcript microheterogeneity. J. Immunol. 91: 3884-3893 (1993)

12.  Caso-Pelaez E., McGregor A.M., Banga J.P.: A polyclonal T cell receptoire of V-alpha and V-beta T cell receptor gene families in intrathyroidal T lymphocytes of Graves’ disease patients, Scand. J. Immunol. 41: 141-147 (1995)

13.  Reiser H., Stadecker M.J.: Co-stimulatory B7 molecules in the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases. N. Engl. J. Med. 335: 1369-1377 (1996)

14.  Yanagawa T., Hidaka Y., Guimaraes V., Soliman M., De Groot L.J.: CTLA-4 gene polymorphism associated with Graves’ disease in a Caucasian population. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89: 41-45 (1995)

15.  Donner H., Rau H., Walfish P.G., Braun J., Siegmund T., Finke R., Herwig J., Usadel K.H., Badenhoop K.: CTLA-4 alanine-17 confers genetic susceptibility to Graves’ disease and to type 1 diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82: 143-146 (1997)

16.  Kotsa K., Watson P.F., Weetman A.P.: A CTLA-4 poly-morphism is associated with both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Clin. Endocrinol. 46: 551-554 (1997)

17.  Roman S.H., Greenberg D., Rubinstein P., Wallenstein S., Davies T.F.: Genetics of autoimmune thyroid disease: lack of evidence for linkage to HLA within families. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 74: 496-503 (1992)

18.  Shields D.C., Ratanachaiyavong S., McGregor A.M., Collins A., Morton N.E.: Combined segregation and linkage analysis of Graves’ disease with a thyroid autoantibody diathesis. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 55: 540-554 (1994)

19.  De Roux N.t Shields D.C., Misrahi M., Ratanachaiyavong S., McGregor A.M., Milgrom E.: Analysis of the thyrotropin receptor as a candidate gene in familial Graves’ disease. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 81: 3483-3486 (1996)

20.  Tomer Y., Barbesino G., Keddache M., Greenberg D.A., Davies T.F.: Mapping a major susceptibility locus for Graves’ disease (GD-1) to chromosome 14q31. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82: 1645-1648 (1997)

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