Title | Are cigarettes with bio-filters less dangerous to human health? | |
Authors | Evanthia Haralambous and Athanasios Valavanidis
Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece |
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Citation | Haralambous, E., Valavanidis, A.: Are cigarettes with bio-filters less dangerous to human health?, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 14(3): 117-130 (2000) | |
Publication Date | Received for publication: 2 July 2000
Accepted for publication: 15 September 2000 |
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Full Text Language | English | |
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Keywords | Tobacco smoking, cigarette filters, oxygen free radicals, mainstream and sidestream smoke, oxygen free radicals, cigarette tar, aqueous cigarette tar extracts, electron paramagnetic resonance. | |
Other Terms | review article | |
Summary | In the last decades, cigarette consumption among young people and women increased in developed and developing countries. Unless current smoking patterns change cigarettes will kill prematurely 10 million people a year by 2025. Greece is on the top of the list of European countries in cigarette consumption with more than 3,000 cigarettes per head per year, in 1997 a Greek tobacco company introduced, with extensive advertising campaign, a new bio-filter (BF) claiming that it reduces substantially the risks of smoking. The scientists who invented the new filter published a paper showing that the bio-filter impregnated with dry hemoglobin, reduces certain toxic substances and oxidants (like NO, CO, NOx, H2O2, aldehydes, trace elements and nitroso-compounds) in the gas-phase of the mainstream smoke. This claim was supported with publications and conference announcements. We studied the mainstream and side-stream smoke of the BF cigarette, in comparison with other 3 cigarettes, with similar tar and nicotine contents and with conventional acetate filters. Our experimental results showed that BF has similar tar radical species with the same intensity EPR signals. Also, BF tar extracts with benzene are very similar with cigarettes of conventional filters. Also, the ability of the aqueous cigarette tar (ACT) extracts to produce hydroxyl radicals (HO), which were spin trapped by DMPO, were very similar or even higher compared to the other 3 brands. The gas-phase of the mainstream smoke of the BF cigarette showed a 30-35 % reduction in the production of oxygen-centered radicals, as a result of a series of reactions with NOx and aromatic compounds (spin trapped with PBN). In the case of the side- stream smoke BF cigarettes produced the same tar radicals with the same intensity as the other 3 brands, but substantially higher concentration of gas-phase radicals. These results suggest that BF, possibly, is not as effective in the reduction of tar in the mainstream and sidestream smoke. Also, BF cigarettes do not offer any protection to the passive smoker. | |
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