Τόμος 15 (2001) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 15 (2001) – Issue 2 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Title Alcoholic beverages and Mediterranean diet in human health: wine phenolics and ethyl alcohol as antioxidants and scavengers of oxygen free radicals: toxicological implications for moderate and high alcohol consumption
Authors Athanasios Valavanidis, Vasilios Zonaras and Sofia Theodoropoulou

Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, University Campus Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece

Citation Valavanidis, A., Zonaras, V., Theodoropoulou, S.: Alcoholic beverages and Mediterranean diet in human health: wine phenolics and ethyl alcohol as antioxidants and scavengers of oxygen free radicals: toxicological implications for moderate and high alcohol consumption, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 15(2): 85-96 (2001)
Publication Date Received for publication: 20 March 2001

Accepted for publication: 25 April 2001

Full Text Language English
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Keywords Mediterranean diet, alcoholic beverages, red wine, white wine, phenolics, ethyl alcohol, antioxidants, scavengers of oxygen free radicals, toxicological implication.
Other Terms review article
Summary A great number of recent epidemiological investigations concerning Mediterranean diet, including moderate consumption of wine, and a life style with plenty of exercise and no smoking, indicated that they contribute to longevity and good human health. The relation between diet and human health was based on scientific data for the indirect relations between the consumption of selected food constituents with cardiovascular diseases and cancer incidence and mortality. Dietary antioxidants and food constituents with free radical scavenging activities are contributing as prophylactic agents against atherosclerosis, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis and other degenerative diseases. Wine, especially red wine, contains high amounts of beneficial antioxidants. Wine consumption and low cardiovascular mortality is called ”The French paradox” because France has lower rates of coronary heart diseases compared to other North European countries. Red wine has been studied for its beneficial effects due to the higher content in polyphenols, anthocyanins and antitumor substances (e.g. resveratrol). But, it has been known for many decades that alcohol consumption increases the incidence of certain cancers, including breast cancer, through the formation of reactive oxygen free radicals which contribute to DNA damage. Also, ethyl alcohol is metabolized into toxic aldehydes and other substances. The aim of this research paper was to determine the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of red and white wines In relation to their polyphenolic compounds and ethyl alcohol content. The antioxidant activity was measured with the undiluted and diluted specimens of white and red wines, from a range of well-known Greek wines, as well as with the solid precipitate of polyphenols. Also, wines were tested for their scavenging activity towards hydroxyl radicals (produced by the Fenton reaction and spin-trapped) by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. The scavenging activity was compared with other antioxidant substances and vitamins. We propose some antioxidant mechanisms which can involve ethyl alcohol in the antioxidant potential of red and white wines. Also, we propose mechanisms through which oxygen free radicals can lead to toxic substances and adverse health effects in humans in the case of high alcoholic beverage consumption.
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