Title | Opioids and methadone exposure during pregnancy | |
Author | Anna Deltsidou
Technological Educational Institution of Lamia (TEI), Lamia, Greece |
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Citation | Deltsidou, A.: Opioids and methadone exposure during pregnancy, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 16(3): 207-212 (2002) | |
Publication Date | Received for publication: 12 August 2002
Accepted for publication: 23 November 2002 |
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Full Text Language | English | |
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Keywords | Opioid abuse, pregnancy, birth defects, congenital anomalies, prenatal heroin exposure, prenatal methadone exposure, withdrawal syndrome, neonatal withdrawal syndrome, substance abuse and pregnancy. | |
Other Terms | review article | |
Summary | Subject of this literature review, is the impact of opioid abuse during pregnancy and its long-term consequences on the fetus. Prenatal exposure to heroin is associated with withdrawal symptoms in the neonate. Numerous studies have additionally reported for infants prenatally exposed to heroin and methadone, behavioral abnormalities. Also, heroin use during pregnancy has been associated with low birth weight, miscarriage, prematurity, microcephaly and intrauterine growth retardation, an increased risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, preterm labor, neurodevelopmental and cognitive disorders. In neonates prenatally exposed to methadone, has been remarked thrombocytosis, in the second week of life and can be continued until four months, while is not appeared in the prenatally exposed to heroin neonates and is not associated with an acute neonatal abstinence syndrome. Other investigators have been remarked a hyperphagia, which is commonly found in infants withdrawing from methadone and can be persistent in a significant number. Hyperphagia was not associated with either increased neonatal weight gain or with adverse gastrointestinal consequences and may occur in infants withdrawing from methadone who have high metabolic demands due to clinical signs not controlled by opiate treatment. | |
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