Τόμος 22 (2008) – Τεύχος 1 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 22 (2008) – Issue 1 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Title Nuclear reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling in embryos and therapeutics applications
Author Sevasti Massouridou

Department of General Biology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece

Citation Massouridou, S.: Nuclear reprogramming, epigenetic remodeling in embryos and therapeutics applications, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 22(1): 27-33 (2008)
Publication Date Accepted for publication (Final verson): April 1, 2008
Full Text Language English
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Keywords Embryos and nuclear reprogramming, nuclear reprogramming, epigenetic, demethylation, acetylation, nuclear remodeling, mitochondria and nuclear reprogramming, telomere and nuclear reprogramming, cytoplasm and nuclear reprogramming, gene and nuclear reprogramming, nuclear reprogramming and therapeutic applications.
Other Terms Review article
Summary Reprogramming of a nucleus constitutes structural remodeling, and may be associated with fundamental changes in genomic activity in reconstructed embryos following nuclear transplantation (NT). The nuclear transplantation from a differentiated donor cell into the egg can increase nuclear potency. This is accomplished by the action of reprogramming factors which are present in the egg’s cytoplasm and which induce the genome to assume an epigenetic conformation that is appropriate for an embryonic state. A number of housekeeping fibroblast genes are abnormally expressed in embryos that had received nuclei from fibroblast cells, while development-related genes are not expressed. During cleavage, a wave of genome wide demethylation removes the epigenetic modification present in the zygote so that the DNA of the blastocyst is largely devoid of methylation. In cloned embryos abnormal methylation at repetitive sequences and frequent failure to reactivate some genes have been observed. The basic principles that emerge from studies are: a) the conservation of the genome during cell differentiation, and b) the reversibility of the epigenetic state of differentiated cells. The hope would be that such an approach eventually would allow the reprogramming of a patient’s cells into different embryonic stem cells that could be used for cell replacement therapy without the need for nuclear transplantation.
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