The role of Parabens in Diabetes
Ioannis Syrmaloglou, Maria Trapali
Parabens are esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and have been used as preservatives for personal care products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods attributable to their anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by an increase in the concentration of sugar in the blood [hyperglycemia] and a disturbance of glucose metabolism, either as a result of decreased insulin secretion or due to a decrease in the sensitivity of the body’s cells to insulin. It has been found association between urinary paraben levels in early pregnancy and Gestational diabetes. The purpose of the review is the association between parabens and diabetes. While previous studies have assessed the association between endocrine disruptors and conditions that are often comorbid with or predispose to diabetes, the literature lacks large population studies examining the association with diabetes. However, studies showed that butylparaben concentrations were positively associated with glucose levels, propylparaben concentrations negatively associated with glucose levels in pregnant women.
Alexios-Fotios Mentis, Stefanos Zervoudi Georgios Papadopoulos, Christos Spanopoulos, Mirsini Balafouta, Georgios Tsakiris, Anastasia Bothou, Juan Jiménez6, Irene Garcia, Panagiotis Tsikouras, Georgios Iatrakis, Nikolaos Nikolettos
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) represents a very aggressive type of locally advanced cancer. Because of its rarity, management of IBC appears heterogeneous; thus, reporting experiences from different clinics can be helpful. Fourteen female patients with IBC in two clinics of Greek hospitals were included in this case series study. The type of surgery performed in the eight patients that underwent surgery was modified radical mastectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, lymph node excision (level one and two) was performed in all (n=14) patients; all but one patients had positive lymph nodes. Sentinel biopsy technique was avoided in the above female patients with IBC. Radiotherapy was applied to all patients, except one elderly patient. Second-line chemotherapy was applied in three patients with aggressive, recurrent tumors. Two patients out of 14 (~14.3%) died within 3 years after initial treatment, 2 patients are alive (~14.3%) with recurrence after 5 years, and 10 patients are still alive (~71.4%) with no clinically apparent recurrence. Four patients (~28.6%) had local recurrence; among them, two (~14.3% out of total) were treated with lumpectomy, and two (~14.3%) were diagnosed with distant metastasis. Second line chemotherapy was applied to 4 (~28.6%) patients. In addition, IBC cases represented around 2% of the total number of female patients with breast cancer in our centers. Patients with IBC who were treated with multimodal management (i.e., chemotherapy and surgical treatment) did not have higher disease-free survival rates compared to those treated with chemotherapy alone. According to our experience, and in contrast to the typical low prognosis of IBC, the aggressive management of patients with IBC leads to relatively high prognosis rates and high level of disease-free survival in our case series. This approach needs to be assessed in larger clinical settings within the broader aim of exploring potential new approaches in management of patients with IBC.
Uploaded on October 27, 2023 | Published in: REVIEW CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND PHARMACOKINETICS, INTERNATIONAL EDITION, 35(3), 95-102, ISSN: 1011-6583, 2023. Views:123 / Downloads: 105