Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics – International Edition Volume 38 (2024) – Supplementary Issue 2

Open Access Research

Comparative assessment of the effects of two intrauterine systems for long-term contraception on some haematological, biochemical, and immunological markers

Farah W. Al-Humadi¹

, Hiba Waleed Qassim²

, Ali Majeed Hameed³

, Ali Jihad Hamid Al-Athari⁴

, Bushra Jaber Umran⁵

, Rafal J. Al-Saigh^6,*

¹Al-Yarmouk Hospital, Al-Karkh Health Office, Baghdad, Iraq

²Al-Karkh Health Office, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq

³Baghdad University Hospital, General Directorate of the Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq

⁴College of Pharmacy, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Iraq

⁵Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
⁶Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq*Corresponding author:

Rafal J. Al-Saigh, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq; Tel.: +964-(0)7831902012
E-mail: phar.rafal.jalil@uobabylon.edu.iq

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Published: 5 May 2024; https://doi.org/10.61873/FMGQ9899

Abstract
An intrauterine system (IUS) is a type of contraception tool that is used in order to control fertility and prevent conception in women for a long period. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of copper- versus levonorgestrel-releasing IUSs on women’s health. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 75 women that were randomly selected (50 women that used a copper-releasing IUS and the remaining 25 that used a levonorgestrel-releasing IUS) amongst those attending out patient’s clinics at Hillah, Iraq, from March to July 2016. All women were between 18 to 46 years of age, and have had an IUS for at least three months. The measurement of serum ceruloplasmin (SCerP), haemoglobin, vitamin D (VD), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels was undertaken. Our results revealed that the copper-releasing IUS group has low haemoglobin and VD levels, along with high levels of SCerP and proinflammatory cytokines. One the other hand, the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS group displayed no significant changes on the above markers. We can conclude that the levonorgestrel-releasing IUS is free of any adverse effect when compared to a copper-releasing IUS, at least with regard to the parameters examined by our study.

Keywords: intrauterine system, copper, levonorgestrel, vitamin D, IL-6, IFN-γ

Please cite as:
Al-Humadi F.W., Waleed Qassim H., Majeed Hameed A., Al-Athari A.J.H.,Jaber Umran B., Al-Saigh R.J. Comparative assessment of the effects of two intrauterine systems for long-term contraception on some haematological, biochemical, and immunological markers. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. Int. Ed. 38(Sup2): 63-67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.61873/FMGQ9899