| Title | Amphetamines and LSD use during pregnancy | |
| Authors | Jason Vritsios1 and Anna Deltsidou2
1. 251 General Airforces Hospital, Athens, Greece 2. Technological Educational Institution of Lamia, Lamia, Greece |
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| Citation | Vritsios, J., Deltsidou, A.: Amphetamines and LSD use during pregnancy, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 19(2): 99-104 (2005) | |
| Publication Date | Received for publication: : 15 April 2005
Accepted for publication: 12 May 2005 |
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| Full Text Language | English | |
| Order – Buy | Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (10 €) – Digital Type: pdf (10 €)
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| Keywords | Amphetamines and pregnancy, LSD and pregnancy, birth defects, congenital anomalies, prenatal LSD and amphetamines exposure, substance abuse and pregnancy. | |
| Other Terms | review article | |
| Summary | Subject of this literature review, is the impact of amphetamines and LSD abuse during pregnancy and their long-term consequences on the fetus. The prenatal exposure of the fetus to amphetamines doesn’t appear to correlate with a high risk for congenital anomalies. There are studies, which don’t demonstrate any teratogenic action, although have been observed mild clinical signs and symptoms of the withdrawal syndrome after prenatal exposure to amphetamines. Prenatal exposure to amphetamines has been also associated with developmental retardation, prematurity, increased neonatal and fetal morbidity. Congenital anomalies and adverse effects which have been reported after prenatal exposure to amphetamines and methamphetamines are: cleft lip, cardiac defects, microcephaly, biliary atresia, hyperbilirubinemia requiring exchange transfusion, prematurity, stillbirth, low birth-weight, decreased fetal development, cerebral hemorrhage, mongolian spots, systolic murmur and undescended testes. Children of methamphetamine abusers are at risk of neglect and abuse, and the use of methamphetamine by pregnant women can cause growth retardation, premature birth, and developmental disorders in neonates and enduring cognitive deficits in children. As regard as, the impact of prenatal LSD exposure, there have been varying reports of LSD induced chromosomal damage and multiple congenital anomalies, however the mothers of these infants have abused other drugs and causality has not been substantiated. The reported congenital anomalies associated with the use of LSD during pregnancy or before the conception are: deforming anomalies of limbs, hydrocephaly, neuroblastoma, Fallot tetralogy and ocular anomalies and other investigators described severe ocular malformations, including microphthalmos, intraocular cartilage, cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, and retinal dysplasia, occurred in a premature baby girl. LSD proved to be, at best, a weak mutagen, if mutagenic at all. | |
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