Τόμος 17 (2003) – Τεύχος 3 – Άρθρο 4 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 17 (2003) – Issue 3 – Article 4 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

 

Title The use of bleaching agents in the management of melasma
Authors Vassiliki Kefala, Fragiski Anthouli and Evangelia Protopapa

Technological Educational Institution of Athens, Egaleo, Athens, Greece

Citation Kefala, V., Anthouli, F., Protopapa, E.: The use of bleaching agents in the management of melasma, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 17(3): 159-163 (2003)
Publication Date Received for publication: 25 August 2003

 Accepted for publication: 1 October 2003

Full Text Language English
Order – Buy  Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (10 €) – Digital Type: pdf (10 €) 

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

Keywords Melasma, chloasma, mask of pregnancy, hydroquinone, corticosteroids, tretinoin, azelaic acid, N-acetylcysteine, L-ascorbic acid, kojic acid.
Other Terms review article
Summary Melasma is an acquired hyper-melanosis, irregularly patterned, brown or gray brown that occurs exclusively in sun-exposed areas (face and neck). It is exacerbated by pregnancy, oral contraceptives and antiepilepsy drugs. The exact cause of melasma is unknown. Although melasma is reasonably common particularly in women of child-bearing age, up to 10% of cases have been reported in males. Although no race is spared, there is particular prominence among Latinos, Oriental and Indo-Chinese origin who live in place with strong solar radiation. It is more apparent during and after of solar exposure and less obvious in the winter months when solar exposure is lacking. Melasma is quite common in black patients.
References 1.    Kauh Y.C., Zachian T.F.: Melasma. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 455: 491-499 (1999)

2.    Grimes P.E., Stockton T.: Pigmentary disorders in blacks. Dermatol. Clin. 6: 271-281 (1988)

3.    Deltsidou A., Lykeridou K., Plessas S.: Congenital anomalies and aetiology. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmaco-kinet. (Intern. Ed.) 14: 111-115 (2000)

4.    Δελτσίδου A., Λυκερίδου K., Πλέσσας Σ.: Μεταφορά φαρμάκων δια μέσου του πλακούντα. Επιθ. Κλιν. Φαρμακ. Φαρμακοκ. 18: 173-180 (2000)

5.    Deltsidou A., Lykeridou K., Plessas S.: Licit substance abuse during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 15: 21-32 (2001)

6.    Grimes P.: Melasma. Etiology and Therapeutic considerations. Arch. Dermatol. 113: 1453-1457 (1995)

7.    Kefala V., Kostara I., Karageorgiou H., Varonos D.D.: In Vitro model for the Evaluation of Sunscreen Agents Phototoxic Activity. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokin. (Intern. Ed.) 12: 59-62 (1998)

8.    Κίντζιου E., Πρωτόπαπα E., Τσαγανέας Χ.Π., Σταυριανέας N., Πλέσσα E.: Ηλιακή Ακτινοβολία, Βλάβη DNA και Καρκίνος Δέρματος: Σύντομη Θεώρηση. Επιθ. Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκιν. 20: 42-52 (2002)

9.    Kefala V., Kostara l., Karageorgiou Η., Varonos D.D.: In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Preservatives Phototoxic Activity. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 14: 93-96 (2000)

10.  Kefala V., Kostara l., Karageorgiou H., Varonos D.D.: In Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Essential Oils Materials Phototoxic Activity. Rev. Clinical. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 12: 53-57 (1998)

11.  Kefala V., Kostara l., Karageorgiou H., Varonos D.D.: in Vitro Model for the Evaluation of Medicines Phototoxic Activity. Rev. Clinical. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 14: 43-47 (2000)

12.  Kefala V., Protopapa E., Plessas S.T.: Photoaging: An Esthetic Problem: Prevention or Treatment? Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 15: 33-42 (2001)

13.  Katsambas A., Antoniou C.: Melasma – Classification and treatment. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venerol. 4: 217-223 (1995)

14.  Mishima Y., Hatta S., Ohyama Y., Inazu M.: Induction of melanogenesis suppression: cellular pharmacology and mode of differential action. Pigment. Cell. Res. 1: 367-374 (1998)

15.  Lykeridou K., Deltsidou A.: Epidural analgesia during normal labor. Epitheor. Klin. Farmacol. Farmakokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 16: 183-198 (2002)

16.  Sanchez J.L., Vazquez M.: A hydroquinone solution in the treatment of melasma. Int. J. Dermatol. 21: 55-58 (1982).

17.  Yi K., Hart L.L.: Use of hydroquinone as a bleaching cream. Ann. Pharmacother. 27: 592-593 (1993)

18.  Engasser P.E., Maibach H.J.: Cosmetics and dermatology: bleaching creams. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 5: 143-147 (1981)

19.  Kefala V., Kinigalaki P.: In vitro evaluation of the effect of b-cyclodextrin on sebum secretion in people developing two kinds of acne vulgaris: A. Comedonal acne and B. Cosmetic acne. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 16: 179-182 (2002)

20.  Kameyama K., et al.: Inhibitory effect of magnesium L-ascocbyl-2-phosphate (VC-PMG) on melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 34: 29-33 (1996)

21.  Lim J. T., Tham S.N.: Clycolic acid peels in the treatment of melasma among Asian women. Dermatol. Surg. 23: 177-179(1997)

22.  Kanwar A.J., Dhar S., Kaur S.: Treatment of melasma with potent topical corticosteroids. Dermatol. 188: 170-175 (1994)

23.  Griffiths C.E., Finkel L.T., Ditre C.M., Hamilton T.A., Ellis C.N., Voorhees J.J.: Topical tretinoin improves melasma: a vehicle controlled, clinical trial. Br. J. Dermatol. 129: 415-421 (1993)

24.  Vashimura K., Harii K., Aoyama T., Shibuya F., Jga T.: A new bleaching protocol for hyperpigmented skin lesions with a high concentration of all-trans retinoic acid aqueous gel. Aesthetic. Plast. Surg. 23: 285-291 (1999)

25.  Baltina L.M., Craupe K.: The treatment of melasma: 20% ajelaic acid versus 4% hydroquinone cream. Int. J. Dermatol. 30: 893-895 (1991)

26.  Breathnach A.S.: Melanin hyperpigmentation of skin: Melasma topical treatment with azelaic acid and other therapies. Cutis 57: 36-39 (1996)

27.  Verallo-Rowell V.M. et al.: Double-blind comparison of azelaic acid and hydroquinone in the treatment of melasma. Acta. Derm. Venereol. 143(Suppl.): 58-61 (1989)

28.  Njoo M.D., Menke H.E., Pavel S., Westechof W.: N-acetylcystein as a bleaching agent in the treatment of melasma. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 9: 86-87 (1997)

29.  Jimbow K.: N-acetyl-4-S-cystemrnylphenol as a new type of depigmenting agent for the melanoderma of patients with melasma. Arch. Dermatol. 127: 1528-1534 (1991)

30.  Lim J.T.: Treatment of melasma using Kojic acid in gel containing hydroquinone and glycolic acid. Dermatol. Surg. 25: 282-284 (1999)

31.  Carcia A., Fulton J.E.: The combination of glycolic acid and hydroquinone or Kojic acid for the treatment of melasma and related conditions. Dermatol. Surg. 22: 443- 447(1996)

32.  Kahn V.: Effect of Kojic acid on the oxidation of DL-DOPA, norepinephrine, and dopanine by mooshroom tyrosinase. Pigment. Cell. Res. 6: 234-240(1995)

33.  Guevara I.L., Pandya A.G.: Melasma treated with hydroquinone, tretinoin and a fluorinated steroid. Int. J. Dermatol. 40(3): 212-215 (2001)

34.  Kang N.H., Chun S.C., Lee S.: Intermittent therapy for melasma in Asian patients with combined topical agents (retinoin acid, hydroquinone and hydrocortisone): clinical and histological studies. J. Dermatol. 25: 587-596 (1998)

35.  Kefala V., Protopapa E., Plessas S.T.: The use of chemical peeling in the management of esthetic problems deriving from skin diseases. Rev. Clin. Pharmacol. Pharmacokinet. (Intern. Ed.) 15: 5-14 (2001)

Relative Papers

Online ISSN 1011-6575

Άρθρα Δημοσιευμένα σε αυτό το Περιοδικό Καταχωρούνται στα:

Articles published in this Journal are Indexed or Abstracted in: • Chemical Abstracts • Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases: Scopus, EMBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE SCImago Journal and Country Rank Factor

Τι είναι η Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση-Οδηγίες προς τους Συγγραφείς – 
What is Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias 
και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition-Instrunctions to Authors

Άρθρα Δημοσιευμένα στην Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – 
Articles Published in Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Συντακτικη Επιτροπή-Editorial Board

ΕΤΗΣΙΑ ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗ 2003– ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION 2003
Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου – Full Text Language Αγγλικά – English
Παραγγελία – Αγορά – Order – Buy Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (70 €) – Digital Type: pdf (70 €)

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

Έντυπη Μορφή (70 € + έξοδα αποστολής) – Printed Type (70 € + shipping)

pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bookmark the permalink.

Comments are closed.