Τόμος 15 (2001) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 2 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Διεθνής Έκδοση – Volume 15 (2001) – Issue 2 – Article 2 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-International Edition

Title Drug adverse effects on the fetus exposed during pregnancy
Author Anna Deltsidou

Alexandra General Hospital, Athens, Greece

Citation Deltsidou, A.: Drug adverse effects on the fetus exposed during pregnancy, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 15(2): 69-84 (2001)
Publication Date Received for publication: 28 February 2001

Accepted for publication: 5 April 2001

Full Text Language English
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Keywords Drug transfer across the placenta, drug effects on the fetus, teratogenesis, malformations, birth defects, congenital anomalies, teratogens.
Other Terms review article
Summary The subject of this literature review is the adverse effects of the drugs on the fetus, prenatally exposed to them. Thus, from this review gather that thalidomide is a teratogenic agent for the exposed fetus, the most antibiotic drugs can be used during pregnancy with a relative safety and as regard as the antineoplastic drugs, such as aminopterin and methotrexate, should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy and the anti-inflammatory drugs too. For glucocorticoids, the risk of teratogenesis is considered to be low. Vitamin A, can lead to teratogenesis, if it is administered during pregnancy and it is not recommended. From the anticonvulsant drugs, the administration of valproic acid during pregnancy, and from the antidepressants the administration of lithium and SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) should be avoided too. The therapy of the thyroid disease should be administered during pregnancy with a lower necessary dose of antithyroid drugs. As regard as the anticoagulant drugs, heparin can be administered with safety during pregnancy, but the administration of warfarin it is not considered to be safe. From the antihypertensive drugs, angiotensin antagonists ACE inhibitors, like captopril, it is not recommended during pregnancy, but the administration of methyl-dopa is considered to be safe. Regarding steroidal sex hormones, such as ethisterone and norethisterone, can cause masculinizing effect and regarding diethylostilbestrol have been reported teratogenic or carcinogenetic effects on the exposed embryo in the first trimester of pregnancy. For the anxiolytic/sedative drugs have not been reported congenital anomalies on the exposed embryo, but their use during pregnancy can lead to neonatal withdrawal syndrome.
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