| Title | Hallucinogenic cacti: complicated chemical factories | |
| Authors | Sofia Kostoudi and Maria Mironidou-Tzouveleki
Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece |
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| Citation | Kostoudi, S., Mironidou-Tzouveleki, M.: Hallucinogenic cacti: complicated chemical factories, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 20(2): 214-215 (2006) | |
| Publication Date | Accepted for publication: 19-20 May 2006 | |
| Full Text Language | English | |
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| Keywords | Cactus, cacti, hallucinogenic drugs, mescaline, alkaloids. | |
| Other Terms | review article | |
| Summary | Hallucinogens are drugs, which induce psychiatric effects after being injected, smoked or placed in pills. An influence on consciousness, will, emotions and thought is detected after the use. In this essay there will be a reference of the most common cacti, which have psychedelic effects because of the mescaline they contain such as: the Peyote cactus (Lophophra williamsii or Anhalonium lewinii), the San Pedro cactus (Echinopsis pachanoi or Trichocereus pachanoi) and the Peruvian Torch cactus (Echinopsis peruviana or Trichocereus peruvianus). They are cacti growing in the Southwestern United States and Mexico and they are known as hallucinogenics for thousands of years. | |
| References | 1. Ratsch C.: Gods, their sacred, healing and hallucinogenic powers (Revised and expanded edition), Healing Arts Press, Rochester, Vermont
2. http://peyote.com/peyote/native.html 3. http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/golden_guide/g111- 120.shtml 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Pedro_%28cactus%29 5. http://www.mescaline.com/exp/index.htm 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peyote 7. http://www.erowid.org/library/books_online/golden_guide/g121- 130.shtml 8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_Torch 9. http://www.cactus-art.biz/schede_fotografiche/EPITHELANTA/aaa_epithelantha_ micromeris.htm 10. Metzner R.: Hallucinogenic drugs and plants in psycho- therapy and shamanism. J. Phychoactive Drugs 30: 333-341 (1998) 11. Halpern J.H., Sherwood A.R., Hudson J.I., et al: Psychological and cognitive effects of long-term peyote use among Native Americans. Biol Phychiatry 58: 624-631 (2005) 12. http://www.mescaline.com/peyote.html 13. Henry J.L., Epley J., Rohrig TP.: The analysis and distribution of mescaline in postmortem tissues. J. Anal. Toxicol. 27: 381-382 (2003) 14. Halpern J., Sherwood A., Hudson J., et al.: Psychological and cognitive effects of long-term peyote use among native Americans. Biological Psychiatry 58: 624-631 (2005) 15. Carod Artal F.J.: [Neurological syndromes associated with the ingestion of plants and fungi with a toxic component (II). Hallucinogenic fungi and plants, mycotoxins and medicinal herbs]. Rev. Neurol. 36: 951-60 (2003) 16. http://www.mescaline.com/sanpedro/ 17. Franco-Molina M., Gomez-Flores R., Tamez-Guerra R., et al.: In vitro immunopotentiating properties and tumour cell toxicity induced by Lophophora williamsii (peyote) cactus methanolic extract. Phytother. Res. 17: 1076-1081 (2003) |
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| Relative Papers |
Online ISSN 1011-6575
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Articles published in this Journal are Indexed or Abstracted in: • Chemical Abstracts • Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases: Scopus, EMBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE SCImago Journal and Country Rank Factor
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