| Title | The effect of allopurinol on protein carbonyls and swimming performance in rats | ||
| Authors | A.S. Veskoukis1, M.G. Nikolaidis1,2, A. Kyparos1, D. Kokkinos1, E. Varamenti3 and D. Kouretas1
1. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece 2. Institute of Human Performance and Rehabilitation, Centre for Research and Technology – Thessaly (CERETETH), Trikala, Greece 3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Athens, Greece |
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| Citation | Veskoukis, A.S., Nikolaidis, M.G., Kyparos, A., Kokkinos, D., Varamenti, E. et al.: The effect of allopurinol on protein carbonyls and swimming performance in rats, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 22(2): 360-361 (2008) | ||
| Publication Date | 23-25 May 2008 | ||
| Full Text Language | English | ||
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| Keywords | Exhaustive exercise, protein oxidation, free radicals, skeletal muscle, endurance. | ||
| Other Terms | Review article | ||
| Summary | Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Xanthine oxidase is a major contributor of free radicals during exercise. Previous studies have shown that free radicals are vital for physiological adaptations in exercise. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of allopurinol, exercise and their combination on protein carbonyls (PC), as a marker of protein oxidative, after exhaustive swimming, denoting aerobic performance, in rats. Blood and gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected before and immediately after exercise and the respective time points after allopurinol administration. Protein carbonyls were determined in plasma, erythrocytes and muscle. Compared to their non-allopurinol treated counterparts, rats treated with allopurinol showed a 38.1% decrease in swimming performance, as indicated by the shorter swimming time to exhaustion. Exercise alone increased PC concentration in plasma, erythrocytes and gastrocnemius muscle. Similarly, allopurinol alone increased PC concentration in erythrocytes and gastrocnemius muscle. Our data illustrate that exercise and allopurinol alone induced protein oxidation. Xanthine oxidase inhibition provoked a significant reduction in physical performance. These findings may challenge the antioxidant effects of allopurinol. | ||
| References | 1. Michailidis Y., Jamurtas A.Z., Nikolaidis M.G., Fatouros I.G., Koutedakis Y., Papassotiriou I., Kouretas D.: Sampling time is crucial for measurement of aerobic exercise-induced oxidative stress. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 39: 1107-1113 (2007)
2. Nikolaidis M.G., Jamurtas A.Z., Paschalis V., Kostaropoulos I.A., Kladi-Skandali A., Balamitsi V., Koutedakis Y., Kouretas D.: Exercise-induced oxidative stress in G6PD-deficient individuals. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 38: 1443-1450 (2006) 3. Parks D.A., Granger D.N.: Xanthine oxidase: biochemistry, distribution and physiology. Acta Physiol. Scand. Suppl. 548: 87-99 (1986) 4. Kelley W.N., Beardmore T.D.: Allopurinol: alteration in pyrimidine metabolism in man. Science 169: 388-390 (1970) 5. McCord J.M., Fridovich I.: The reduction of cytochrome c by milk xanthine oxidase. J. Biol. Chem. 243: 5753-5760 (1968) 6. Patsoukis N., Zervoudakis G., Panagopoulos N.T., Georgiou C.D., Angelatou F., Matsokis N.A.: Thiol redox state (TRS) and oxidative stress in the mouse hippocampus after pentylenetetrazol-induced epileptic seizure. Neu¬rosci. Lett. 357: 83-86 (2004) |
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| Relative Papers | |||
Online ISSN 1011-6575
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Articles published in this Journal are Indexed or Abstracted in: • Chemical Abstracts • Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases: Scopus, EMBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE SCImago Journal and Country Rank Factor
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