| Τίτλος – Title | Φάρμακα και Εγκυμοσύνη
Drugs and Pregnancy |
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| Συγγραφέας – Author | Τμήμα Επιστημονικής Πληροφόρησης του ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΝ-Τύπος
PHARMAKON-Press Information Services, Athens, Greece |
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| Παραπομπή – Citation | ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΝ-Τύπος: Φάρμακα και Εγκυμοσύνη, Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 2(1): 4-17 (1984)
PHARMAKON-Press: Drugs and Pregnancy, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 2(1): 4-17 (1984) |
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| Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date | Απρίλιος 1984 – April 1984 | |
| Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου – Full Text Language |
Ελληνικά – Greek | |
| Παραγγελία – Αγορά – Order – Buy |
Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (15 €) – Digital Type: pdf (15 €) pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr |
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| Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords | Γυναικολογία, εγκυμοσύνη, θεραπεία, φαρμακολογία
Gynecology, pregnancy, therapeutics, pharmacology |
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| Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms | Άρθρο Article |
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| Περίληψη – Summary | When a woman becomes pregnant huge and progressive functional changes in every system may produce major effects on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacocinetics of any drugs she may be given. Drug absorption is affected negatively by the much slower gastric emptying and the complexation of the drug to commonly used antacids, and positively by the increased respiratory activity, pulmonary blood flow, blood flow in the skin, in the vaginal mucous membrane and in the epidural space. Drug distribution might be modified during pregnancy as a consequense of the progressive increasing plasma, total blood and body water volumes (much enlarged distritution volume). Protein binding of drugs changes due to decreased albumin concentration (30%) and to accumulation of endogenous inhibitors of drugs protein binding. Drug metabolism may be altered in pregnancy, particularly as a consequence of induction of microsomal drug metabolising enzymes by other xenobiotic substances (progesterone, cigarette smoking). Excretion ‘of drugs is enhanced by a increase in renal filtration and the reduce of protein binding. The global effect of these changes is to reduce the plasma concentration of a drug. On the other hand, the embryo constitutes one of the most dynamic biological systems, characterized by continuous cellular changes. The embryo in utero is sensitive to harmful actions of dysmorphogenic agents, physical factors – X rays and anoxia -, viral infections, endotoxins, chemicals-drugs). A drug will have an dysmorphogenic or embryotoxic effect when it is given at an appropriate dosage, at a very precise moment during the morphogenesis of a genetically susceptible embryo. Drugs should be used in pregnancy if they are clearly indicated and of proven benifit to the mother or fetus. Drugs proven to cause congenitcal abnormalities are: androgens, anticonvulsants, cytotoxic drugs, thalidomide, virilising progestagens and warfarin. | |
| Αναφορές – References | 1. Γεωργακόπουλος, Π.Δ.; φάρμακα και Εμβολα στην Κύηση. Εκδόσεις Γ.Κ. Παρισιάνος, Αθήνα (1977)
2. Πλέοσας, Χ.Τ.; Βιοφαρμακευτική. Εκδόσεις Λίτσας, Αθήνα (1978) 3. Adams, S.J., Buelke-Sam, J.: Behavioral assessment of the postnatal animal: testing and methods of development. In: Developmental Toxicology (C.A. Kimmel and J. Buelke-Sam eds), p. 233, Raven Press, New York (1981) 4. American Academy of Pediatric Commettee on Drugs: Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Pediatrics 69: 241 (1982) 5. Boreus, L.O.: Fetal Pharmacology. Raven Press, New York, (1973) 6. Bracken, M.8., Holford, T.R.: Exposure to prescribed drugs in pregnancy and association with congenital malformations. Obstet. Gynec. 58: 336 (1981) 7. Dam, M., Christiansen, J., Munck, O., Mygind, K.I.: Antiepileptic drugs: Metabolism in pregnancy. Clin. Pharmacok. 4: 53 (1979) 8. Doering, P.L., Stewart, R.B.: The extent and character of drug consumption during pregnancy. JAMA 239: 843 (1978) 9. Eadie, M.J., Lander, C.M., Tyrer, J.H.: Plasma drug level monitoring in pregnancy. CHn. Pharmacok. 2: 427(1977) 10. Evans, A.N., Brooke, O.G., West, R.T.: The ingestion by pregnant women of substances toxic to the foetus. Practitioner 224: 315 (1980) 11. Goldberg, H.L., Dimascio, A.: Psychotropic drugs in pregnancy, In: Psychopharmacology: a generation of progress (M.A. Lipton, A. Dimascio, K.F. Killam eds), p. 1047, Raven Press, New York, (1978) 12. Goldfarb, C., Keating, G.: Use of antidepressants from conception to delivery. J. Med. Soc. N.J. 78: 357 (1981) 13. Hawkins, D.F.: Drug treatment of medical disorders in pregnancy. In: Drugs in pregnancy: Human teratogenesis and related problems (D.F. Hawkins ed.), p. 76, Churchill-Livingstone, London (1983) 14. Heinonen, O.P., Slone, D., Shapiro, S.: Birth defects and drugs in pregnancy. U.S. Public Health Service, (1977) 15. Hill, R.M., Stern, L.; Drugs in pregnancy: effects on the fetus and newborn. Drugs 77: 182 (1979) 16. Hytten, F.E.: The handling of drugs in pregnancy. Update 77: 1097 (1978) 17. Mirkin, B.L.; Perinatal Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Academic Press, New York, (1976) 18. Mirkin, B.L.: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics: A Pediatric Perspective. Year Book, Chicago, (1978) 19. Morselli. P.L., Garattini, S., Sereni, F.: Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Perinatal Pharmacology. Raven Press, New York, (1975) 20. Neubert, D., Merker, H.J. (Eds): New Approaches to the Evaluation of Abnormal Embryonic Development. Thieme, Stuttgard, (1975) 21. Nimmo, W.S., Wilson, J., Prescott, L.F.: Narcotic analgesics and delayed gastric emptying in labour. Lancet 7: 890 (1975) 22. Noble, Isabel, M.: Prescribing in pregnancy. Practitioner 272: 675 (1974) 23. Notelowitz, M.: Oral hypoglycaemic therapy in diabetic pregnancies. Lancet 2: 902 (1974) 24. Oakley, G.P.: Drug influence on malformations. Clin. Perinatoi. 6: 403 (1979) 25. Palmer, P.G.: Sedatives in pregnancy. In; Drugs in pregnancy: Human teratogenesis and related problems (D.F. Hawkins ed,), p. 76, Churchill-Livingstone, London, (1983). 26. Philipson, A.: Plasma levels of ampicillin in pregnant women following administration of ampicillin and pivampicillin. Am. J. Obstet. Gynec. 130: 674 (1978) 27. Tindall, V.R.: The liver in pregnancy. Clin. Obstet. Gynec. 2: 441 (1975) 28. Tuchmann-Duplessis, H.: Drug Effects on the Fetus. ADIS Press, Sydney, (1975) 29. Various Authors: Symposium on drugs and the unborn child. CHn. Pharmacol. Therap. 74 (4. Part 2): 619 (1973) 30. Yaffe, S.J.: A clinical look at the problem of drugs in pregnancy and their effects on the fetus. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 7 72: 728 (1975) |
Online ISSN 1011-6575
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| ΕΤΗΣΙΑ ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗ 1984 – ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION 1984 | |
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Ελληνικά – Greek |
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