Τόμος 11 (1993) – Τεύχος 1 – Άρθρο 5 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση – Volume 11 (1993) – Issue 1 – Article 5 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

Από | | Άρθρο - Article, Κωνσταντίνος Λ. Παπαδόπουλος - Constantine L. Papadopoulos, Πλήρες Κείμενο στα Ελληνικά - Full Text in Greek

 

Τίτλος – Title

Νεώτερες Απόψεις για τις Δράσεις των Αναστολέων του Μετατρεπτικού Ενζύμου της Αγγειοτασίνης (α-ΜΕΑ) Νεφροαιματικό Σύστημα Ρενίνης-Αγγειοτασίνης

Current Concepts on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. The Hemato-Renal Renin-Angiotensin System
Συγγραφέας – Author

Κωνσταντίνος Λ. Παπαδόπουλος

Β΄ Καρδιολογική Κλινική Αριστοτελείου Πανεπιστημίου, Ιπποκράτειο Γενικό Νοσοκομείο, Θεσσαλονίκη, Ελλάδα

C.L. Papadopoulos

2nd Cardiology Dept, Aristotle University, Hip­pokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Παραπομπή – Citation

Παπαδόπουλος,Κ.Λ. : Νεώτερες Απόψεις για τις Δράσεις των Αναστολέων του Μετατρεπτικού Ενζύμου της Αγγειοτασίνης (α-ΜΕΑ) Νεφροαιματικό Σύστημα Ρενίνης-Αγγειοτασίνης , Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 11 : 165-177 (1993)

Papadopoulos,C.L. : Current Concepts on Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors. The Hemato-Renal Renin-Angiotensin System, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 11 : 165-177 (1993)
Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
05-12-1993
Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου –
Full Text Language

Ελληνικά – Greek
Παραγγελία – Αγορά –
Order – Buy
Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (15 €) –
Digital Type: pdf (15 €)
pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr
Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords

Αναστολείς μετατρεπτικού ενζύμου αγγειοτασίνης, συστήματα ρενίνης-αγγειοτασίνης, νεφροαιματικό σύστημα, νεφρικό ιστικό σύστημα, αγγειακό σύστημα, καρδιακό ιστικό σύστημα, καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια, θεραπευτική αναστολή συστημάτων ρενίνης- αγγειοτασίνης, οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, renin-angiotensin systems, hemato-renal system, renal tissue system, vascular system, cardiac tissue system, heart failure, acute myocardial infarction
Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms

Άρθρο

Article
Περίληψη – Summary

Το νε­φρο­αι­μα­τι­κό σύ­στη­μα ρε­νί­νης-αγ­γει­ο­τα­σί­νης έ­χει ως α­φε­τη­ρί­α τη ρε­νί­νη η ο­ποί­α εκ­κρί­νε­ται α­πό τις πα­ρα­σπει­ρα­μα­τι­κές συ­σκευ­ές. Δύ­ο εί­ναι οι λει­τουρ­γί­ες του που σχε­τί­ζο­νται με την πα­θο­φυ­σιο­λο­γί­α και την πα­θο­λο­γί­α της αρ­τη­ρια­κής υ­πέρ­τα­σης, της καρδια­κής α­νε­παρ­κεί­ας και των καρ­διαγ­γει­α­κών πα­θή­σε­ων: η α­ντι­με­τώ­πι­ση της πε­ριο­χι­κής νε­φρο­νι­κής ι­σχαι­μί­ας και η α­ντι­με­τώ­πι­ση της ο­ξεί­ας μειωσης της αρ­τη­ρια­κής πιε­σης. Οι νε­φροί δια­θέ­τουν ε­πί­σης ι­δια­ί­τε­ρο ι­στι­κό σύ­στη­μα που συμ­βάλ­λει σε λει­τουρ­γι­κές προ­σαρ­μο­γές. Στο τοί­χω­μα των αγ­γεί­ων υ­πάρ­χει ι­στι­κό σύ­στη­μα ρε­νί­νης-αγ­γει­ο­τα­σί­νης με το­νι­κές και αυ­ξη­τι­κές δρά­σεις, ε­νερ­γο­ποι­ο­ύ­με­νο α­νε­ξάρ­τητα α­πό το νε­φρο­αι­μα­τι­κό. Το καρ­δια­κό ι­στι­κό σύ­στη­μα ε­ξα­σκεί ι­νό­τρο­πες και αυ­ξη­τι­κές δρά­σεις. Ο α­ντα­γω­νι­σμός των συ­στη­μά­των ρε­νί­νης-αγ­γει­ο­τα­σί­νης με τη χο­ρή­γη­ση α­να­στο­λέ­ων του με­τα­τρε­πτι­κού εν­ζύ­μου α­πο­σκο­πεί σε α­να­τρο­πή δυ­σμε­νών αι­μο­δυ­να­μι­κών και νευ­ρο­ορ­μονικών συ­νε­πει­ών και ε­πι­χει­ρεί­ται στην αρ­τη­ρια­κή υ­πέρ­τα­ση, την καρ­δια­κή α­νε­πάρ­κει­α και την α­νάρ­ρω­ση με­τά α­πό ο­ξύ έμ­φραγ­μα του μυο­καρ­δί­ου.

The hemato-renal renin-angiotensin system is moved by the secretion of renin from the juxtaglomerular apparati. Two are its main functions, related to the pathophysiology and pa­thology of arterial hypertension, heart failure and cardiovascular diseases: The relief of the regional nephronal ischemia and the confrontation of the acute arterial hypertension. Kidneys are also pro­vided with a separate tissue system that contrib­ute to the functional adjustments. In the vascular wall another tissue renin-angiotensin system exists exerting tonic and growth effects, that is activated independently to the hemato-renal one. The car­diac tissue system exerts inotropic and growth effects. The antagonism of all these systems by means of the administration of an­giotensin convert­ing enzyme inhibitors aims to the reversal of adverse hemodynamic and neurohor­monal con­sequences, and is attempted in arterial hyperten­sion, heart failure and convalescence after an acute myocardial infarction. In the latter case it is expected that the antagonism may reduce the ex­cessive remodelling of the left ventri­cle.
Αναφορές – References
  1. Dzau VJ, Ellison KE, Broxly T, Ingelinger J, Pratt RE. A comparative study of the distributions of renin and angiotensinogen messenger ribonucleic acids in rat and mouse tissues. Endocrinology, 120: 2334 (1987).
  2. Ingelfinger JR, Pratt RE, Ellison K, Dzau VJ. So­dium regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the rat kidney cortex and medulla. J Clin Invest 78: 1311 (1986).
  3. Taugner R, Hackenthal E, Helmchen U, et al. The intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. An immuno­cytochemical study on the localization of renin, an­giotensinogen, coverting enzyme, and the angiotens­ins in the kidney of mouse and rat. Klinishe Woshen­shrift, 60: 1218 (1982).
  4. Dzau VJ, Kreisberg JI. Cultured glomerular me­sangial cells contain renin: Influence of calcium and isoproterenol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 8 (suppl 10): S6 (1986).
  5. Ingelfinger JR, Zuo WM, Fon EA, rt al. In situ hy­bridization evidence for angiotensinogen messenger RNA in the rat proximal tubule: A hypothesis for the intrarenal renin angiotensinogen system. J Clin Invest 85: 417 (1990).
  6. Gomez RA, Lunch KR, Chevalier RL, et al. Renin and angiotensinogen gene expression and intrarenal renin distribution during ACE inhibition. Am J Physiol 254: F900 (1988).
  7. Sakaguchi K, Chai SY, Jackson B, et al. Inhibition of tissue angiotensin converting enzyme. Quantitation by autroradiography. Hypertension, 11: 230 (1988).
  8. Soubrier F, Allenc-Gelas F, Hubert C, et al. Two putative active centers in human angiotensin I con­verting enzyme revealed by molecular cloning. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 85: 9386 (1988).
  9. Sickely MG, Arant BS Jr, Seney FD Jr. En­dogenous angiotensin concentrations in specific intra­renal fluid compartments of the rat. J Clin Invest 86: 1352 (1990).
  10. Lui FY, Cogan MG. Angiotensin II: A potent regulator of acidification in the rat early proximal convoluted tybule. J Clin Invest 80: 273 (1987).
  11. Douglas JC. Angiotensin receptor subtypes of the kidney contex. Am J Physiol 253: F1 (1987).
  12. Diz DI, Baer PG, Nasjletii AA. Angiotensin II in­duced hypertentsion in the rat. Effects on the plasma concentration, renal secretion and tissue release of prostaglandins. J Clin Invest 72: 166 (1983).
  13. Packer M. Interaction of prostaglandins and an­giotensin II in the modulation of renal function in co­gestive heart failure. Circulation, 77 (suppl 1): 16i (1988).
  14. Pelayo JC, Ziegler MG, Blantz RC. Angiotensin II in adrenergic-induced alterations in glomerular hemo­dynamics. Am J Physiol 217: F799 (1984).
  15. Person PB, Elinke H, Kogler U, Kincbheim H. Modulation of natriuresis by sympathetic nerves and angiotensin II in conscious dogs. Am J Physiol 256: F185 (1989).
  16. Tucker BJ, Missuli CA, Maciejewski AR, et al. Changes in glomerular hemodynamic response to angiotensin II after subacute renal denervation in rats. J Clin Invest 78: 680 (1986).
  17. Hall JE, Guyton AC, Smith MJ Jr, Coleman TG. Blood pressure and renal function during chronic changes in sodium intake, role of angiotensin. Am J Physiol 2391: F271 (1980).
  18. Kastner PR, Hall JE, Guyton AC. Control of glomerular filtration rate: Role of intrarenally formed angiotensin II. Am J Physiol 246: F897 (1984).
  19. Myers BD, Deen WM, Brenner BM. Effects of no­repinephrine and angiotensin II on the determinants of glomerular filtration and proximal tubular fluid re­absorption in the rat. Circ Res 37: 101 (1975).
  20. Blantz RC, Konnen KS, Tucker BJ. Angiotensin II effects upon the glomerular microcirculation and ul­trafiltration coefficient of the rat. J Clin Invest 57: 419 (1976).
  21. Loudon M, Bing RF, Thurston H, Swales JD. Ar­terial wall uptake of renal renin and blood pressure control. Hypertension, 5: 629 (1983).
  22. Oliver JA, Sciacca RR. Local generation of an­giotensin II as a mechanism of regulation of periph­eral vascular tone in the rat. J Clin Invest 74: 1247 (1984).
  23. Field LS, McGowen RA, Dickenson DP, Gross KW. Tissue and gene specifity of mouse renin ex­pression. Hypertension, 6: 597 (1984).
  24. Lunch KR, Simnad VT, Ben-Ari ET, Garrison J. Localization of preangiotensinogen messenger RNA sequences in the rat brain. Hypertension, 8: 540 (1986).
  25. Admiraal PJJ, Derkx FHM, Jan Danser AH, et al. Metabolism and production of angiotensin I in differ­ent vascular beds in subjects with hypertension. Hy­pertension, 15: 44 (1990).
  26. Aguilera G, Schirer A, Baukai A, Catt KJ. Circu­lating angiotensin II and adrenal receptors after nephrectomy. Nature, 289: 507 (1981).
  27. Naftilan AJ, Zuo WM, Ingelfinger J, et al. Locali­zation and differential regulation of angiotensinogen mRNA expression in the vessle wall. J Clin Invest 87: I300 (1991).
  28. Campbell DJ, Habener JF. Cellular localization of angiotensinogen gene expression in brown adipose tissue and mesentery: Quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid abundance using hybridization in situ. Endocrinology, 121: 1616 (1987).
  29. Cassis LA, Lynch KR, Peach MJ. Localization of angiotensinogen messenger RNA in rat aorta. Circ Res 62: 1259 (1988).
  30. Samani NJ, Morgan K, Bramnar WJ, Swales JD. Detection of renin messenger RNA in rat tissues: In­creased sensitivity using an RNAse protection tech­nique. J Hypertension, 5 (suppl 2): S19 (1987).
  31. Re RN, Fallon JT, Dzau VJ, et al. Renin synthe­sis by canine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. Life Sciences, 30: 99 (1982).
  32. Longnecker DE, Durieux ME, Donavan KR, et al. Saralasin dilates arterioles in SHR but not WKY rat. Hypertension, 6 (suppl I): 106 (1984).
  33. Okamura T, Miyazaki M, Inagami T, Toda N. Vascular renin-angiotensin system in two-kidney, oneclip hypertensive rats. Hypetension, 8: 560 (1986).
  34. Abell TJ, Richards AM, Ikram H, et al. Atrial natriuretic factor inhibits proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 60: 1392 (1989).
  35. Itoh H, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Atrial natriuretic polypeptide inhibits hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 86: 1690 (1990).
  36. Itoh H, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Interaction of ANP and angiotensin II on protoncogene expression and vascular cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 1601 (1991).
  37. Itoh H, Pratt RE, Olino M, Dzau VJ. Atrial natriu­retic polypeptide as a novel antigrowth factor of en­dothelial cells Hypertension, 19: 758 (1992).
  38. Garg UC, Hassid A. Nitric oxide-generating vasodilators and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine mono­phosphate inhibit mitogenesis and proliferation of cul­tered rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Clin Invest 83: 1774 (1989).
  39. Loesbarg C, Wijk RV, Zandbergen J, et al. Cell cycle-dependant inhibition of human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by prostoglandin EI. Exp Cell Res, 160: 117 (1985).
  40. Dubin D, Pratt RE, Cooke JP, Dzau VJ. Endo­thelin, a potent vasoconstrictor, is a vascular smooth muscle mitogen. J Vasc Med Biol 1: 150 (1989).
  41. Geisterfer AAT, Peach MJ, Owens GK. An­giotensin II induces hypertrophy, not hyperplasia of cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 62: 749 (1988).
  42. Berk BC, Vekshtein V, Gordon HM, Tsuda T. Angiotensin II stumulated protein synthesis in cul­tured vascular smooth muscle cells. Hypertension, 13: 306, (1989).
  43. Gibbons GH, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Angiotensin II is a bifunctional modulator oil vascular smooth muscle cell growth: Interaction with basic fibroblast growth factor. Hypertension, 14: 358 (1989).
  44. Gibbons GH, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Vascular myo­cyte hypetrophy vs hyperplasia: Autocrine transform­ing growth factor-beta determines response to an­giotensin II. Clin Res 38: 287a (1990).
  45. Viswanathan M, Tsutsumi K, Corrca FMA, Saavedra JM. Changes in expression of angiotensin receptor subtypes in the rat aorta during develop­ment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170: 1361 (1991).
  46. Re R, Parab M. Effect of angiotensin II on RNA synthesis by isolated nuclei. Life Sciences, 34: 647 (1984).
  47. Malic KU, Nasjletti A. Facilitation of adrenergic transmission by locally generated antiotensin II in rat mesenteric arteires. Circ Res 38: 26 (1976).
  48. Zimmerman BG. Adrenergic facilitation by an­giotensin. Does it serve a physiological function? Clini Sci, 60: 343 (1981).
  49. Kawasaki H, Cline WH Jr, Su C. Involvement of the vascular renin-angiotensin system in beta adren­ergic receptor-mediated facilitation of vascular neuro­transmission in spontaneoulsy hypertensive rats. J Pharmcol Exp Ther 231: 23 (1984).
  50. Nakamura M, Jackson EK, Inagami T. Beta adrenoreceptor mediated release of angiotensin II from mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol 250: H144 (1986).
  51. Osterrieder W, Muller RKM, Powell JS, Clozel J-P, Hefti F, Baumgartner HR. Role of angiotensin II in injury-induced neointima formation in rats. Hyperten­sion, 18 (suppl 18): 60 (1991).
  52. Naftilan AJ, Pratt RE, Dzau VJ. Induction of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and c-myc gene expressions by angiotensin II in cultered rat vascular smooth muscle cell. J Clin Invest 83: 1419 (1989).
  53. Itoh H, Pratt RE, Gibbons G, Dzau VJ. An­giotensin II modulates proliferaction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) via dual autocrine loops of TGF-β and bFGF (Abstract). Hypertension, 18: 396 (1991).
  54. Peach MJ. Molecular actions of angiotensin. Bio­chem Pharmacol, 30: 2745 (1981).
  55. Yamaguchi K, Nishimura H. Angiotensin II-in­duced relaxation of fowl aorta. Am J Physiol 255: R591 (1988).
  56. Kinoshita A Urata H, Bumpus M, Husain A. Mul­tiple determinants for the high substrate specificity of an angiotensin II forming chymase from the human heart. J Biol Chem 266: 19192 (1991).
  57. Dzau VJ, Ellison KE, Ouellette AJ. Expression and regulation of renin in the mouse heart (Abstract). Clin Res 33: 181A (1985).
  58. Hirsch AT, Pinto YM, Schunkert J, Dzau VJ. Po­tential role of the tissue renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 66 (suppl II):22 (1990).
  59. Cohn JN. Levine TB, Olivari MT, et al. Plasma norepinephrine as a guide to prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 311: 819 (1984).
  60. Unger T, Ganten D, Lang RE, Scholkens VA. Is tissue converting enzyme inhibition a determinant of the antihypertensive efficacy of converting enzyme inhibitors? Studies with two different compounds. Hoe 398 and MK 421 in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7: 36 (1985).
  61. Hirsch AT, Talsness CE, Smith AD, et al. Capto­pril vs enalapril: Differential effects on tissue convert­ing enzyme in experimental heart failure. Circulation, 82: III-274 (1990).
  62. Hirsch AT, Talsness CE, Schunkert H, et al. Tis­sue-specific activation of cardiac angiotensin con­vert­ing enzyme in experimental heart failure. Circ Res 69: 475 (1991).
  63. Drexler H, Lindpainter K, Lu W, Schieffeer B, Ganten D. Transient increase in the expression of cardiac angiotensinogen in rat model of myocardial and failure. Circulation, 80 (suppl II): II-159 (1989).
  64. Schunkert H, Hirch AT, Mankali S, et al. Renal angiotensin gene expression in experimental heart failure: Effects of angiotensin converting enzyme in­hibition (Abstract). Clin Res, 37: 584A (1989).
  65. Hasking GJ, Esler MD, Jennings GL, et al. No­repinephrine spillover to plasma in patients with con­gestive heart failure. Evidence of increased overall and cardiorenal sympathetic nervous activity. Circu­lation, 73: 615 (1986).
  66. Dzau VJ, Packer M, Lilly LS, et al. Prostagland­ins in severe congestive heart failure: Relation to ac­tivation of the renin-angiotensin system and hy­ponatremia. N Engl J Med 310: 347 (1984).
  67. Spiedman WS, Arend LJ. Adenosine receptors and signaling in the kidney. Hypertension, 17: 117 (1991).
  68. Chambers S, Nicholls MG, Espiner EA, et al. Hormone and haemodynamic effects of angiotensin II infusion during captopril treatment for heart failure. Hormon Metabol Res, 17: 159 (1984).
  69. Fyhroquist F, Tikkanen I. Atrial natriuretic pep­tide in congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 62: 20 (1988).
  70. Robertson JIS, Richards AM. Cardiac failure, the kidney, renin and atrial peptides. Eur Heart J 9 (suppl H): 11 (1988).
  71. Packer M, Medina N, Yustak M. Relation be­tween the serum sodium concentration and the hemodynamic and clinical responses to converting enzyme inhibition with captopril in severe heart fail­ure. J Am Coll Cardiol 3: 1035 (1984).
  72. Dzau VJ. Circulating versus local renin-an­giotensin system in cardiovascular homeostasis. Cir­culation, 77 (suppl I): 4 (1988).
  73. Silberbauer K, Punzengruber, Sinzinger H. En­dogenous prostaglandin E2 metabolite levels, renin-angiotensin system and catecholamines versus acute hemodynamic response to captopril in chronic con­gestive heart failure. Cardiology, 70: 297 (1983).
  74. Dzau VJ, Colucci WD, Williams GH, et al. Sus­tained effectiveness of converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 302: 1373 (1980).
  75. Captopril Multicenter Research Group. A placebo controlled trial of captopril in refractory chronic con­gestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2: 755 (1983).
  76. Stevenson LW, Brunken BC, Belil D, et al. After­load reduction with vasodilators in heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 15: 171 (1990).
  77. Hirakata H, Fouad-Tarazi FM, Bumpus M, et al. Angiotensin and the failing heart: Enhanced positive inotropic response to angiotensin I in car­diomyopathic hamster heart in the presence of cap­topril. Circ Res 66: 891 (1990).
  78. Rousseau MF, Gunre O, van Eyll C, et al. Ef­fects of benazeprilat on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and neurohumoral status in patients with ischemic heart disease. Circulation, 8 (suppl III): 123 (1990).
  79. Sharpe DN, Murphy J, Coxon R, Hannan SF. Enalapril in patients with chronic heart failure: A pla­cebo-controlled, reandomized, double-blind study. Circulation, 70: 271 (1984).
  80. Levine TB, Olivari MT, Garberg V, et al. Hemo­dynamic and clinical response to enalapril, a long-acting converting-enzyme inhibitor, in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation, 69: 548 (1984).
  81. Grozier IG, Ikram H, Nicholls MG, Jans S. Global and regional hemodynamic effects of ramipril in con­gestive heart failure. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 14: 688 (1989).
  82. Creager MA, Halperin JL, Bernard DB, et al. Acute regional circulatory and renal hemodynamic ef­fects of converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure. Circulation, 64: 483 (1981).
  83. Foult J-M, Tavolaro O, Antony I, Nitemberg A. Direct myocardial and coronary effects of enalaprilat in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: Assessment by a bilateral intracoronary infusion technique. Circu­lation, 77: 337, (1988).
  84. Mujais SK, Fouad FM, Textor SC, et al. Tran­sient renal dysfunction during initial inhibition of con­verting enzyme in congestive heart failure. Br Heart J 52: 63 (1984).
  85. Lee WH, Packer M. Prognostic importance of serum sodium concentration and its modification by converting-enzyme inhibition in patients with severe chronic heart failure. Circulation, 73: 257 (1986).
  86. The CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart fail­ure. N Engl J Med 316: 1429 (1987).
  87. Nony P, Boissel JP, Chiffler R. Evaluating the ef­fect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on mortality: Role of the etiology (ischemic or non-ischemic) of heart insufficiency (Abstract). Eur Heart J 11 (suppl): 56 (1990).
  88. Miyakawa T, Shionoiri H, Takasaki I, et al. The effect of captopril on pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients with mild congestive heart failure. J Car­diovasc Pharmacol 17: 576 (1991).
  89. de Grseff PA, Kingma JH, Viersma JW, et al. Acute and chronic effects of ramipril and captopril in congestive heart failure. Intern J Cardiol 23: 59 (1989).
  90. Davis JO, Freeman RH. Mechanisms regulating renin release. Physiol Rev, 56: 1 (1976).
  91. Anversa P, Beghi C, Kikkawa Y, Olivetti G. Myo­cardial infarction in rats. Infarct size, myocyte hyper­trophy, and capillary growth. Circ Res 58: 26 (1986).
  92. Παπαδόπουλος Κ, Πλιάκος Χ, Λαζαρίδης Α και συν. Το σύστημα ρενίνης – Αλδοστερόνης σε ασθενείς με οξύ έμφραγμα του μυοκαρδίου.
  93. McKay RG, Pfeffer MA, Pastermak RC, et al. Left ventricular remodeling following myocardial in­farction: A corollary to infarct expansion. Circulation, 74: 693 (1986).
  94. Flecher PJ, Pfeffer JM, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Left ventricular diastolic pressure-volume relations in rats with healed myocardial infarction. Effects on systolic function. Circ Res 49: 618 (1981).
  95. Rubin SA, Fishbein M, Swan HJC, Rabines A. Compensatory hypertrophy in the heart after myo­cardial infarction in the rat. J Am Coll Cardiol 1: 1435 (1983).
  96. Pye M, Oldroyd KG, Ray SG, et al. Effects of early captopril administration on left ventricular dila­tation and function after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 82 (suppl III): 674 (1990).
  97. Sharpe N, Murphy J, Smith H, Hannan S. Treat­ment of patients with symptomless left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Lancet, 331: 255 (1988).
  98. Rubin SA, Fishbein M, Swan HJC, Rabines A. Compensatory hypertrophy in the heart after myo­cardial infarction in the rat. J Am Coll Cardiol I: 1435 (1983).

Online ISSN 1011-6575

Άρθρα Δημοσιευμένα σε αυτό το Περιοδικό Καταχωρούνται στα:
• Chemical Abstracts

• Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases: Scopus, EMBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE
SCImago Journal and Country Rank Factor

Articles published in this Journal are Indexed or Abstracted in:
• Chemical Abstracts
• Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases: Scopus, EMBASE, EMBiology, Elsevier BIOBASE
SCImago Journal and Country Rank Factor

Άρθρα Δημοσιευμένα στην Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση
Articles Published in Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

Συντακτικη Επιτροπή-Editorial Board

ΕΤΗΣΙΑ ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΗ – ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION
Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου –
Full Text Language
Ελληνικά – Greek
Παραγγελία – Αγορά –
Order – Buy
Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (70 €) –
Digital Type: pdf (70 €)
pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr
Έντυπη Μορφή (70 € + έξοδα αποστολής)
Printed Type (70 € + shipping)
pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr

 

Προσθέστε στους σελιδοδείκτες το μόνιμο σύνδεσμο.

Τα σχόλια είναι απενεργοποιημένα.