Τίτλος – Title
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Προσαρμογή της Φαρμακευτικής Εκπαίδευσης στις Νέες Κατευθύνσεις Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης Νέων Θεραπευτικών Pharmaceutical Education on the Light of New Challenges in Drug Research and Development |
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Συγγραφέας – Author
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Ιωάννης Σ. Βιζιριανάκης Εργαστήριο Φαρμακολογίας, Τμήμα Φαρμακευτικής, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης, Θεσσαλονίκη 540 06, Ελλάς Ioannis S. Vizirianakis Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54006 Thessaloniki, Greece |
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Παραπομπή – Citation
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Βιζιριανάκης,Ι.Σ. : Προσαρμογή της Φαρμακευτικής Εκπαίδευσης στις Νέες Κατευθύνσεις Έρευνας και Ανάπτυξης Νέων Θεραπευτικών , Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 18 : 101-120 (2000) Vizirianakis,I.S. : Pharmaceutical Education on the Light of New Challenges in Drug Research and Development, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 18: 101-120 (2000) |
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Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
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30-08-2000 – 2000-08-30
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Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου –
Full Text Language |
Ελληνικά – Greek |
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Παραγγελία – Αγορά –
Order – Buy |
Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (15 €) –
Digital Type: pdf (15 €) pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr |
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Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords
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Φαρμακευτική εκπαίδευση, φαρμακευτική έρευνα, Φαρμακογονιδιωματική, Φαρμακογενετική, Βιοπληροφορική, Φαρμακευτική Βιοτεχνολογία, ανάπτυξη θεραπευτικών, Μοριακή Ιατρική, Γονιδιωματική, Πρωτεϊνοματική, Τοξικογονιδιωματική, γενετικός πολυμορφισμός, γονιδιακή θεραπεία, μικροπλάκες DNA, Συνδυαστική Χημεία, τεχνικές ελέγχου υψηλής απόδοσης, διαδυκτιακά φαρμακεία, μορφοποίηση φαρμάκων Pharmaceutical education, pharmaceutical research, Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacogenetics, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, Proteomics, Toxicogenomics, drug development, Molecular Medicine, single nucleotide polymorphism, DNA array, high throughput screening, Combinatorial Chemistry, internet pharmacies, gene therapy, drug formulation
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Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms
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Άρθρο Article |
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Περίληψη – Summary
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Η Φαρμακευτική εκπαίδευση έχει ως σημείο αναφοράς και κεντρικό συστατικό της το φάρμακο σε όλα τα στάδια παραγωγής του, δηλαδή στο σχεδιασμό, την ανάπτυξη, τη μορφοποίηση, την αξιολόγηση, την κλινική δοκιμή, τη διακίνηση, και τέλος στη χορήγησή του στους ασθενείς. Είναι επομένως λογικό και αναμενόμενο, η ανάγκη της αναθεώρησης, του προσανατολισμού, ή και της προσαρμογής της Φαρμακευτικής εκπαίδευσης να βασίζεται και να κατευθύνεται από τις εξελίξεις που καταγράφονται στον επιστημονικό χώρο της ανάπτυξης νέων φαρμάκων. Ένας άλλος σημαντικός παράγοντας που ωθεί προς την κατεύθυνση προσαρμογής της Φαρμακευτικής εκπαίδευσης, ιδιαίτερα σήμερα, είναι αυτός που αφορά τις νέες τάσεις Φαρμακευτικής παρέμβασης που καθιερώνονται στη Θεραπευτική σε συγκεκριμένες ασθένειες για τις οποίες ήταν αδύνατη οποιαδήποτε φαρμακευτική αγωγή στο παρελθόν. Έτσι, οι νέες τεχνολογίες καθώς και οι επιστημονικές προσεγγίσεις που εφαρμόζονται σήμερα για το σχεδιασμό και την ανάπτυξη νέων φαρμάκων, αποτυπώνουν εύγλωττα τις δυνατότητες εξέλιξης της σύγχρονης Φαρμακευτικής Επιστήμης. Επιπρόσθετα, οι κοινωνικές και οικονομικές συνθήκες που διαμορφώνονται στην εποχή μας, παράλληλα με τις εξελίξεις στο χώρο της πληροφορικής, όπως έκδηλα φαίνονται από την ανάπτυξη του διαδικτύου και του ηλεκτρονικού εμπορίου, επιβάλλουν άμεσα την αναθεώρηση της Φαρμακευτικής εκπαίδευσης στις σύγχρονες αντιλήψεις της ανάπτυξης, του ελέγχου και της διακίνησης των φαρμάκων. Οι επιστημονικές τάσεις που έχουν ήδη καθιερωθεί στη Φαρμακευτική έρευνα οδηγούν στη συσσώρευση νέων δεδομένων και γνώσεων αλλά και σε πολυπλοκότερη φαρμακευτική αγωγή. Ταυτόχρονα, συμπαρασύρουν τη Φαρμακευτική στα πεδία της Γενετικής, της Μοριακής Βιολογίας και της Βιοτεχνολογίας, δημιουργώντας νέες επιστημονικές γέφυρες και συνεργασίες με αυτούς τους τομείς. Το τελικό αποτέλεσμα είναι να επηρεάζονται όλοι οι παραδοσιακοί επιστημονικοί τομείς της Φαρμακευτικής, ενώ τα εκπαιδευτικά προγράμματα να χρειάζονται την πλήρη προσαρμογή τους σε αυτές τις συγκεκριμένες ερευνητικές κατευθύνσεις. Έτσι, νέοι επιστημονικοί τομείς, όπως η Φαρμακογονιδιωματική, η Πρωτεϊνοματική και η Βιοπληροφορική, έχουν εξελιχθεί τα τελευταία 4-5 χρόνια σε κυρίαρχες αντιλήψεις για την ανάπτυξη πιο εξειδικευμένων φαρμάκων. Επιπρόσθετα, οι τεχνολογικές εξελίξεις που δίδουν τη δυνατότητα μορφοποίησης των φαρμάκων σε νέες φαρμακοτεχνικές μορφές ελεγχόμενης και κατευθυνόμενης χορήγησης, επιτρέπουν την αποτελεσματικότερη και ασφαλέστερη δράση των φαρμάκων στον οργανισμό. Το συγκεκριμένο άρθρο στοχεύει στο να παρουσιασθούν και να αναλυθούν εκείνα τα επιστημονικά δεδομένα που επιτακτικά επιβάλλουν την προσαρμογή της Φαρμακευτικής εκπαίδευσης στις σύγχρονες τάσεις της Θεραπευτικής καθώς και στις νέες αντιλήψεις του σχεδιασμού και ανάπτυξης νέων φαρμάκων στην εποχή μας. In nowadays, more than ever, pharmaceutical education needs a new direction to meet the scientific challenges especially made during the last decade in drug research and development. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Pharmacogenomics, Combinatorial Chemistry in close relation to High-Throughput Screening methods and technologies, Bioinformatics and Pharmacoinformatics, or DNA-based pharmaceuticals and diagnostics are major advances that give a new direction to Pharmaceutical Sciences. In addition, and in parallel to the genomic revolution and the huge innovation in rational small molecule design have been made in drug design and development process in pharmaceutical industry in nowadays, new innovative approaches to drug delivery systems discovered and reached the market. Health and pharmaceutical care-relating economic issues, drug adverse effects and drug-related interactions are also among the topics emerged by the extensive use of therapeutics to cure diseases. These achievements and challenges in pharmaceutical research that have added new knowledge in both drug’s pharmacology and delivery systems’ technology, might have to be conductive to major positive changes in pharmaceutical education. Also, the practice of community pharmacy have changed from a drug-oriented into a more patient-oriented and, of course, pharmaceutical education has to meet these objectives. Still, the need for well-educated and well-trained pharmacists in drug-related fields, such as in pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical care and pharmacy practice, hospitals, academia, regulatory and governmental agencies, or in research, is still a great stressful demand for pharmaceutical education. To meet such needs of this dynamic new era in pharmaceutical research and drug development, pharmaceutical education has to set new priorities to conform with these challenges, as well as with the recent changes and initiatives in the health and pharmaceutical care fields. The development of new initiative education programs, for both undergraduate and graduate degree in pharmaceutical sciences, will be focused on preparing Pharmacists oriented for both pharmacy practice and drug research and development. This review stress the need for this change in Pharmaceutical Sciences education programs, by providing the future Pharmacists with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to be more competitive in the health care system, pharmacy practice-related fields, pharmaceutical industry and drug research and development areas, or finally in academia. Educators and Pharmacy School members have the responsibility to decide how, to what extend, by which methods, and/or in which way these changes and new directions in the education programs will be developed. |
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