Τόμος 15 (1997) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 5 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση – Volume 15 (1997) – Issue 2 – Article 5 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

Από | | Άρθρο - Article, Βασιλική Μήρτσου-Φιντάνη - Vassiliki Mirtsou-Fidani, Γ. Κα­ρα­κιο­υ­λά­κης,G. Karakiulakis, Κ. Μα­κέ­δου,K. Makedou, Μ. Κούρ­τη,M. Kourti, Πλήρες Κείμενο στα Ελληνικά - Full Text in Greek

 

Τίτλος – Title

Εμβρυϊκό Σύνδρομο Αιθυλικής Αλκοόλης

The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Συγγραφέας – Author

Β. Μήρ­τσου-Φι­δά­νη, Κ. Μα­κέ­δου,  Μ. Κούρ­τη και Γ. Κα­ρα­κιο­υ­λά­κης

Ερ­γα­στή­ριο Πει­ρα­μα­τι­κής Φαρμα­κο­λο­γί­ας, Ια­τρι­κή Σχο­λή, Α­ρι­στο­τέλει­ο Πα­νε­πι­στή­μιο, Θεσ­σα­λο­νί­κη, Ελλάς

V. Mirtsou-Fidani, K. Makedou, M. Kourti and G. Karakiulakis

Labora­tory of Experimental Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessalo­niki, Thessaloniki, Greece
Παραπομπή – Citation

Μήρ­τσου-Φι­δά­νη,Β., Μα­κέ­δου,Κ., Κούρ­τη,Μ., Κα­ρα­κιο­υ­λά­κης,Γ. : Εμβρυϊκό Σύνδρομο Αιθυλικής Αλκοόλης , Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 15 :  84-90 (1997)

Mirtsou-Fidani,V., Makedou,K., Kourti,M., Karakiulakis,G. : The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 15 : 84-90 (1997)
Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
20-06-1997
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Full Text Language

Ελληνικά – Greek
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Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords

Αιθυλική αλκοόλη, εμβρυϊκό σύνδρομο, μηχανισμοί δράσης, πρόληψη

Ethanol, fetal syndrome, mechanisms of the effects, prevention
Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms

Άρθρο

Article
Περίληψη – Summary

Το Εμ­βρυ­ϊ­κό Σύν­δρο­μο Αλ­κο­ό­λης (FAS) εί­ναι το α­πο­τέ­λε­σμα της α­θροι­στι­κής δρά­σης υ­ψη­λών συ­γκε­ντρώ­σε­ων αλ­κο­όλης στο σύ­νο­λο μη­τέ­ρας-πλα­κού­ντα-εμ­βρύ­ου, ι­διαί­τε­ρα κα­τά το πρώ­το τρί­μη­νο της κύ­η­σης. Τα κυ­ριό­τε­ρα δια­γνω­στικά κρι­τή­ρια του FAS, κα­τά Claren και Smith, εί­ναι: α) δυ­σλει­τουρ­γί­α του κε­ντρι­κού νευ­ρι­κού συ­στή­μα­τος με δια­τα­ρα­χές δια­νο­η­τι­κές, νευ­ρο­λο­γι­κές και συ­μπε­ρι­φο­ράς, β) ελ­λείμ­μα­τα α­νά­πτυ­ξης πριν και με­τά τη γέν­νη­ση και γ) χα­ρα­κτη­ρι­στι­κές α­νω­μαλί­ες του προ­σώ­που, που α­φο­ρούν τους ο­φθαλ­μούς, τη ρί­να, το στό­μα και την ά­νω γνά­θο. Υ­πάρ­χουν ε­πί­σης δυ­σπλα­σί­ες που α­φο­ρούν το καρ­διαγ­γεια­κό, το ου­ρο­ποιο­γεν­νη­τι­κό και το μυο­σκε­λε­τι­κό σύ­στη­μα. Διά­φο­ροι μη­χα­νισμοί, ά­με­σοι και έμ­με­σοι, έ­χουν δια­τυ­πω­θεί σχε­τι­κά με τις ε­πι­πτώ­σεις της αλκο­ό­λης στο έμ­βρυο. Η ε­ξα­κρί­βω­ση των ά­με­σων μη­χα­νι­σμών έ­γι­νε με in vitro με­λέ­τες. KÜ­ðïéïé έμ­με­σοι μη­χα­νι­σμοί που έ­χουν προτα­θεί εί­ναι: 1) δια­τα­ρα­χή της πρω­τε­ϊ­νο­σύν­θε­σης, 2) ορ­μο­νι­κές με­τα­βο­λές που αφο­ρούν τις θυ­ρε­ο­ει­δι­κές ορ­μό­νες, την αυ­ξη­τι­κή ορ­μό­νη και την ιν­σου­λί­νη, 3) συμ­με­το­χή της α­κε­ταλ­δε­ΰδης, 4) δια­τα­ρα­χές στη θρέ­ψη του εμ­βρύ­ου, 5) εμβρυ­ϊ­κή υ­πο­ξαι­μί­α, 6) δια­τα­ρα­χή στο με­τα­βο­λι­σμό των προ­στα­γλαν­δι­νών. Για την πε­ρι­φρού­ρη­ση της υ­γεί­ας και της α­νά­πτυ­ξης του παι­διού χρειά­ζε­ται η εφαρ­μο­γή προ­λη­πτι­κών προ­γραμμά­των υ­γεί­ας με στό­χο την ε­νη­μέ­ρω­ση και ε­πι­μόρ­φω­ση των γυ­ναι­κών.

Τhere has been a tremendous amount of human epidemiological and experimen­tal animal research on the characterization of the anomalies produced by chronic prenatal ethanol exposure. However, the general public in Greece, is not aware of the dangers involved, even at low alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The aim of this review, is to bring the issue into prospec­tive and to sensitize the medical population, and via them the general public and the responsible authorities, of the precautions that need to be taken. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the Fetal Alcohol Syn­drome (FAS). The FAS is the result of cumulative action of high ethanol concentration on the mater­nal-placental-fetal unit, especially on the first tri­mester of gestation. The principal diagnostic fea­tures of the FAS, as first described by Claren and Smith, consist of: a) central nervous system dys­function with intellectual neurological and behav­ioral manifestations, b) pre- and post-natal growth deficiencies, and c) a characteristic cluster of fa­cial anomalies involving the eyes, nose, maxilla and mouth. There are also variable major and mi­nor malformations associated with the FAS involv­ing the cardiovascular, renogenital and musculo­sceletal systems. Several direct and indirect mechanisms of the effects of ethanol on the em­bryo have been postulated. The investigation of direct effects has been possible via in vitro stud­ies. Some of the proposed indirect mechanisms of action are: 1) impaired protein synthesis, 2) hor­monal alterations involving thyroid hormones, growth hormone and insulin, 3) production of ex­cess amounts of acetaldehyde, 4) impaired nu­trition, 5) fetal hypoxemia, 6) alterations in the metabolism of prostaglandins. For optimal child health and development, primary preventive health programs must be available aiming to in­form and educate women.

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