Volume 43 (2025) – Supplementary Issue 1 – Article 9 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias kai Farmakokinetikes

Open Access Research

Comparative study between LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer in Iraqi patients with COVID-19
Weam W. Salman^1,*
¹Department of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq

*Corresponding author
Weam Wael Salman, College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq. Tel.: +9647716521937; e-mail: weam.w@albayan.edu.iq

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Abstract
Background: Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that depend entirely on host-cell machinery for replication. In SARS‑CoV‑2 infection, elevated biomarkers like D‑dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and other inflam­matory mediators are strongly associated with increased disease severity and poorer prognosis. These markers en­able early risk stratification in COVID‑19 patients. Aim: This study evaluates LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer levels as prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in Iraqi patients. Methodology: This research was designed as a case-control study and conducted at Al-Karkh General Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected to assess the bio­chemical levels of D-dimer, Ferritin, and LDH. Results: A higher infection rate was observed in males compared to females, with the 40–50 age group most affected. Significant positive correlations among LDH, Ferritin, and D-dimer levels. Conclusion: Elevated levels of LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer are closely associated with COVID-19 severity and may serve as reliable biomarkers for disease progression. This study demonstrates a significant positive correlation between these parameters in Iraqi patients.

Keywords: COVID-19, LDH, D-dimer, ferritin, biomarkers

Please cite as:
Salman W. W.: Comparative study between LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer in Iraqi patients with COVID-19. Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 43(Sup1): 33-35 (2025). DOI: 10.61873/DJOM6979