Τόμος 29 (2011) – Τεύχος 3 – Άρθρο 3 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση – Volume 29 (2011) – Issue 3 – Article 3 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

Τίτλος – Title

Το Κάπνισμα στην Εφηβεία: Επιδημιολογία, Παράγοντες Κινδύνου και ο Ρόλος του Στρες

Smoking in Adolescence: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and the Role of Stress

Συγγραφέας – Author

Λίζα Βάρβογλη1, Χριστίνα Καρελά2 και Χριστίνα Δαρβίρη3

1Επιστημονική Συνεργάτις, ΜΠΣ Διαχείριση του Στρες και Προαγωγή της Υγείας, Ιατρική Σχολή, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Αθήνα, Ελλάς, Επιστημονική, Συνεργάτις Πανεπιστημίου Harvard
2Ψυχολόγος
3Καθηγήτρια, ΜΠΣ Διαχείριση του Στρες και Προαγωγή της Υγείας, Ιατρική Σχολή, Εθνικό και Καποδιστριακό Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Αθήνα, Ελλάς

1Lisa Varvogli, 2Christina Karela, 1Christina Darviri

1Master of Science Programme Stress Management & Health Promotion, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Hellas
2Psychologist, Athens, Hellas

Παραπομπή – Citation

Βάρβογλη,Λ.,Καρελά, Χ.,Δαρβίρη, Χ.  :

Το Κάπνισμα στην Εφηβεία: Επιδημιολογία, Παράγοντες Κινδύνου και ο Ρόλος του Στρες, Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 29: 191-200 (2011)

Varvogli,L.,Karela, Ch., Darviri, Ch. : Smoking in Adolescence: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and the Role of Stress, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 29: 191-200 (2011)

Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
1 Νοεμβρίου 2011 – 2011-11-01
Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου –
Full Text Language

Ελληνικά – Greek

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Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords
Κάπνισμα, εφηβεία, επιδημιολογία, παράγοντες κινδύνου, στρες, προγράμματα παρέμβασης
Cigarette smoking, adolescence, epidemiology, risk-factors, stress, prevention programs
Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms

Στατιστική Μελέτη

Statistical Study

Περίληψη – Summary

Το κάπνισμα στην εφηβεία έχει εξελιχθεί σε παγκόσμιο φαινόμενο, το οποίο αποτελεί πρόκληση για τη δημόσια υγεία. Αν και η Ελλάδα παρουσίαζε την υψηλότερη μέση ηλικία έναρξης καπνίσματος στην εφηβεία στα 13 έτη, συγκαταλεγόμαστε μεταξύ των Χωρών που εμφάνιζαν τα υψηλότερα ποσοστά εφηβικού καπνίσματος σε νέους ηλικίας 16 με 18 ετών (μέσο ποσοστό 50% για τα αγόρια και 47% για τα κορίτσια). Στόχο της παρούσας μελέτης αποτέλεσε, τόσο η παρουσίαση των γεωγραφικών διακυμάνσεων στην επιδημιολογία του καπνίσματος μεταξύ Χωρών της Ευρώπης, της Ασίας και της Αφρο-Αμερικής, όσο και η καταγραφή των παραγόντων κινδύνου, εξωγενών και ενδογενών, για τη μύηση στο κάπνισμα. Σε αυτούς συγκαταλέγονται το περιβάλλον των εφήβων (οικογένεια, κοινωνικό δίκτυο), η στάση τους απέναντι στην εκπαίδευση-μάθηση, καθώς και ψυχολογικοί παράγοντες (χαρακτηριστικά προσωπικότητας, άγχος, κατάθλιψη, στρατηγικές αντιμετώπισης). Συζητείται, επίσης, η αμφίδρομη σχέση του καπνίσματος με το στρες. Από τη μια, οι στρεσογόνες καταστάσεις αυξάνουν τον κίνδυνο της μύησης στο κάπνισμα και από την άλλη, το κάπνισμα μπορεί να επιφορτίσει τα άτομα με περισσότερο στρες. Οι αιτιάσεις των ίδιων των εφήβων για την μύησή τους στο κάπνισμα αναφέρονται στη χρήση του ως στρατηγική αντιμετώπισης του στρες, ως μέσο κοινωνικής αποδοχής και ενίσχυσης της ταυτότητας των εφήβων. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται η φιλοσοφία και η αποτελεσματικότητα προγραμμάτων πρόληψης ενάντια στο εφηβικό κάπνισμα, κατηγοριοποιημένων σε τέσσερις κατευθύνσεις, προγράμματα ορθολογικής προσέγγισης, συγκινησιακής εκπαίδευσης, κοινωνικών νορμών και κοινωνικής ενίσχυσης.

Cigarette smoking among adolescents has became a global issue and remains one of the most important public health challenges. Even if, in Greece, the mean age of onset of smoking was 13 years, we are among the countries with the highest rates of smoking among teenage 16-18 years old (50% of boys and 47% of girls). The aim of the current study was to present the geographical variations in the epidemiology of adolescents’ smoking in European, Asian and Afro-American countries, as well as, to mention the risk-factors for the initiation to smoking. These include, the environment of the adolescents (e.g. family and friends), the attitudes toward learning and psychological factors (e.g. personality traits, anxiety, depression and coping strategies). The reciprocal relation between smoking and stress is also discussed. On the one hand, stressors increase the risk of smoking initiation, and the other, smoking may entrust people with more stress. The reasons that adolescents themselves reported for tasting tobacco included coping strategies, social acceptance and to enhance the identity of the youths. Finally, the philosophy of prevention programs against teenage smoking, divided into four categories, the rational orienting programs, the emotional education, the social norms and the social support, is also presented and their effectiveness is examined.

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