| Τίτλος – Title | Φαρμακοκινητική του λιθίου σε σκυλιά Beagles διαφορετικού φύλου
Beagle Dogs of Different Sex |
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| Συγγραφέας – Author | Χ.Τ. Πλέσσας, Π. Καραγιαννάκος, I. Δοντά, X. Τσοπανάκη, Δ. Κοτσαρέλλη, Σ.Τ. Πλέσσας, Γρ. Σκαλκέας
Εργαστήριο Πειραματικής Χειρουργικής καί Χειρουργικής Ερεύνης «Ν.Σ. Χρηστέας» της Β’ Προπαιό. Χειρουργικής Κλινικής Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών. Διευθυντής: Καθηγ. Γρ. Δ. Σκαλκέας Ch. T. Plessas, P. Karayannakos, J. Donta, Ch. Tsopanaki, D. Cotsarelli, S. T. Plessas, G. Skalkeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research «N. S. Christeas» of the Athens University. Director: Prof. G. D. Skalkeas |
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| Παραπομπή – Citation | Πλέσσας, Χ., Καραγιαννάκος, Π., Δοντά, I., Τσοττανάκη, X., Κμυτσαρέλλη, Δ., κ.ά.: Φαρμακοκινητική του λιθίου σε σκυλιά Beagles διαφορετικού φύλου, Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 1: 59-66 (1983)
Plessas, C., Karayannakos, P., Donta, J., Tsopanaki, C., Cotsarelli, D, et al.: Beagle Dogs of Different Sex, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 1: 59-66 (1983)
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| Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date | Απρίλιος – 1983 – April 1983 | |
| Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου – Full Text Language |
Ελληνικά – Greek | |
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| Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords | Ανθρακικό λίθιο, μανιο-καταθληπτική διαταραχή, θεραπευτική αντιμετώπιση, σκύλος, Μπίγκλ, φύλο
Lithium carbonate, maniac-depressive disorders, therapeutic treatment, dog, Beagle, sex |
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| Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms | Άρθρο Article |
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| Περίληψη – Summary | Lithium carbonate is used with a rather great success and security in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of maniac—depressive disorders (2, 3, 4, 5). In this work the results of lithium pharmacokinetics were studied on Beagle dogs of different sex. For this purpose a dose of 150 mg lithium carbonate was administered as capsule to 3 male and 4 female healthy Beagle dogs and after two weeks another dose of 40 mg. In each case the blood sample drawing took place at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 1 h, 2h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 12h, 24h, and 48h after administration. The determination of lithium ions in the plasma was performed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (21, 24). For the pharmacokinetic analysis a two compartment open model was used (fig. 1 ) and the calculation of the parameters was done with the method of residuals. The results showed that the maximal value of lithium ions concentration in plasma (figures 2,3) independently of dose and sex, was found 2h after administration. In female dogs the maximal value fluctuated between 0.340—0.465 mEq/L 1 —4h after administration of a 150 mg dose, while in male dogs the analogous value was 0.340—0.396 mEq/L in 2h. 48h after administration the mean value of lithium concentration in plasma was 0.052 mEq/L for the females and 0.042 mEq/L for the males. For the 40mg dose, that the sensitivity of the method permitted concentration measurements in plasma only at 1, 2 and 4h after administration, the results were analogous (females: 0.053—0.086 mEq/L 1—4h after administration, males: 0.053—0.086 mEq/L 2h after administration). We observed (tables 1,2) great differences between individuals in the pharmacokinetic parameters, that were more prominent among female than male Beagles. These individual differences have also been observed in man, a fact that stresses the necessity of dose individualization. The observed differences in the parameters between male and female dogs are not statistically significant (Table 3). The experimental data in Beagles are in agreement with those in man. More specifically the mean apparent volume of lithium tons distribution in dogs (1.4—1.7Lt/Kg) is of the same size order with that in man (16). The same holds for the elimination half-life. It is concluded that the Beagles can be a very good model for the pharmacokinetic studies of lithium. | |
| Αναφορές – References | 1. Cade, J.F.J.: Lithium salts in the treatment of psychotic excitement. Med. J. Austral. 36:349 (1949)
2. Baastrup, P.C.: Practical problems concerning lithium maintenance therary. In «Advances in Neuropsychopharmacology» (0. Vinar, Z. Votava, P.B. Brandley eds). North—Holland Publ. Co., p. 39, Amsterdam, 1971 3. Amdisen, A.: Serum level monotoring and clinical pharmacokinetics of lithium. CUn. Pharmacok. 2:73 (1977) 4. Schou, M.: Pharmacology and toxicology of lithium. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. 16:231 (1976) 5. Hollister, L.E.: Psychiatric Disorders. In «Drug Treatment» (G.S. Avery ed.) 2nd Ed. p. 1057, Adispress, Sydney-N.Y., 1980 6. Davis, J.M., Chang, S.S., Pandey, G.N., Wlusa, M.N., Killian, G.A.: Lithium pharmacokinetics. Clin. Pharmacol. Psych.: 183 (1981) 7. Amdisen, A.: Monitoring of lithium treatment through determination of lithium concentration. Dan, Med. Bull. 22:277 (1975) 8. Cooper, T.B., Simpson, G.M., Lee, J.H., Bergner, P.E.E.: Evaluation of a slow—release lithium carbonate formulation. Am. J. Psychiatry 135:917 (1978) 9. Caldwell, H.C., Westlake, W.J., Connor, S.M., Flanagan, T: A pharmacokinetic analysis of lithium carbonate absorption from several formulations in man. J. CUn. Pharmacol. 1 1:349 (1971) 10. Thornhill, D.P.: Pharmacokinetics of ordinary and sustained-release lithium carbonate in manic patients after acute dosage. Eur. J. CUn. Pharmacol. 14:267 (1978) 11. Talso, P.J., Clarke, R.W.: Excretion and distribution of lithium in the dog. Am. J. Physiol. 166:202 (1951) 12. Byck, R.. In «The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics» (L.S. Goodman, A. Gilman, eds) 5th Ed. p. 152, MacMillan Pub. Co., N.Y., 1975 13. Masson, R.W., McGueen, E.G., Keary P J., Vames, N.: Pharmacokinetics of lithium: elimination half-time, renaclearance and apparent volume of distribution in schizophrenia. Clin. Pharmacok. 3:241 (1978) 14. Nielsen—Kudsk, F., Amdisen, A.: Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 16:271 (1979) 15. Solomon, S.: Action of alkali metals on papillary sodium gradient of dog kidney. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 125:1183 (1967) 16. Stern, S., Frazer, A., Mendels, J., Franstaci, C.: Distribution of the lithium ion in edocrine organs of the Rat. Ufa Set. 20:1669 (1977) 17. Birch, N J.: Lithium accumulation in bone after oral administration in rat and in man. CUn. Sci. Mol. Med. 46:405 (1974) 18. Terhaag, B., Scherber, A., Schaps, P., Winkler, H.: The distribution of lithium into cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue and bile in man. Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 16:333 (1978) 19. Greil, W., Eisenried, F,, Becker, B.F., Dulm, J.: Interdividual differences in the Na+ —dependent Li+ counter-transport system and in the Lî+ distribution ratio across the red cell membrane among Li+ treated patients. Psychopharmacology 53:19 (1977) 20. Sykes, P.A., Quarrie, J., Alexander, F.W.: Lithium carbonate and breastfeeding. Br. Med. J. 4:1299 (1976) 21. Banarer, M., Ritschel, W.A.: Absolute and relative bioavailability of lithium dosage forms in the Beagle dog. Arzneim.—Forsch.— Drug Res: 32(1}:383 (1982) 22. Hansen, C.E., Amdisen, A.: Lithium intoxication. Quarterly J. Med. 47:123 (1978) 23. Leucuta, S„ Pop, R., Kory, M„ Toader, S., Bôhm, B., Melian, E.: Pharmacokinetics and biovailability of lithium administered to dogs as monoglytamate and carbonate. Pharm. Acta Helv. 54:343 (1979) 24. Scott,. I.M.B.: The determination of lithium in blood serum by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. J. Forens. Sci. Soc. 22:41 (1982) 25. Πλέσσσς, X.T.: Βιοφαρμακευτική. Εκδόσεις Λίτσας, Αθήνα, 1978 26. Swintosky, J.V., Dittert, L.W.: Am. J. Hosp. Pharm. 26:519 (1969) 27. Lauritsen, 8.J., Mellerup, E.T., Pienge, P., Rasmussen, S., Vestergaard, P„ Schou, M.: Serum lithium concentrations around the clock with different treatment regimens and the diurnal variation of the renal lithium clearance. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 64:314 (1981) |
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