| Τίτλος – Title | Κλινικές Επιπτώσεις από Μεταβολές των Ρεολογικών Χαρακτηριστικών του Αίματος
Clinical Consequenses Following Changes of the Rheological Characteristics of Blood |
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| Συγγραφέας – Author | Παναγιώτης Ε. Καραγιαννάκος
P. Karayannakos |
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| Παραπομπή – Citation | Καραγιαννάκος, Π.: Κλινικές Επιπτώσεις από Μεταβολές των Ρεολογικών Χαρακτηριστικών του Αίματος, Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 1(4): 261-269 (1983)
Karayannakos, P.: Clinical Consequenses Following Changes of the Rheological Characteristics of Blood, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 1(4): 261-269 (1983) |
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| Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date | Ιανουάριος 1984 – January 1984 | |
| Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου – Full Text Language |
Ελληνικά – Greek | |
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Ηλεκτρονική Μορφή: pdf (15 €) – Digital Type: pdf (15 €) pharmakonpress[at]pharmakonpress[.]gr |
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| Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords | Ιστική αιμάτωση, μορφολογία, πίεση, γλοιότητα
Peripheral blood, morphology, perfusion pressure, viscosity |
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| Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms | Άρθρο Article |
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| Περίληψη – Summary | Peripheral blood flow is determined by three basid factors: morphology of the vessel, perfusion pressure and viscosity. Recently, the role of viscosity has been emphasized in the pathophysiological process of many diseases. The viscosity of a fluid is represented by the resistance to flow due to the internal friction between molecules and cells displaced relatively to each other. Blood viscosity is not a simple phenomenon. It depends on a number of factors such as flow rate, the diameter of the vessel, the hematocrit, the aggregation of red cells, their deformability, the number and aggregation of white cells and platelets, the viscosity of plasma etc. Blood hyperviscosity may be present when even one of those factors is elevated. Elevation of whole blood viscosity or one of the factors determining it results in an impairment of blood flow at the microcapillary level. Infection, hypoxia, acidosis and increased level of circulating catecholamines can influence the hematocrit, the characteristics of red blood cells (aggregation and deformability) and platelet aggregation. All these factors can affect the viscosity of whole blood and the lumen of the small vessels. Changes in these two rheological parameters may result to more hypoxia, acidosis etc. leading, thus, to a vicious circle that significantly impairs tissue blood supply. Diabetes mellitus is usually accompanied by a number of blood viscosity changes consisting of slight decrease of hematocrit, increased rigidity of red blood cells, abnormal levels of protein and increased fibrinogen. All these factors seem to play an important role in the deterioration of the diabetic foot. There is also strong evidence that blood viscosity plays an important role in myocardial ischemia and coronary occlusion. Increased whole blood viscosity impairs blood flow to the marginal ischemic zone of the myocardium and deteriorates left ventricular function by increasing myocardial work. Elevated blood viscosity accompanies melanoma, some diseases with changes in the number and structrue of red cells in leukemias and in changes of plasma composition. Finally, it has been shown that rheological changes occur in the space with a decrease in the hematocrit, incrased density of the red cells and the presence of red cells with abnormal shapes. | |
| Αναφορές – References | 1. Burton, A.: Physiology and biophysics of the circulation, p. 50, Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago, 1965
2. Πλέσσας, X.T.: φαρμακευτική Τεχνολογία. Σελ. 66, Αθήνα, 1978 3. Patel, D.J., Vaishnav, R.N.: Basic hemodynamics and its role in disease processes. University Park Press, Baltimore, 1980 4. Hwang,-N.H.C., Norman, N.A.; Cardiovascular flow dynamics and measurements, p, 541, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1977 5. Hussain, A.K.M.F.: Mechanics of pulsatile flows of relevance to the cardiovascular system. In: Cardiovascular flow dynamics and measurements (Hwang, N.H.C., Norman, N.A, eds), p. 546, University Park Press. Baltimore. 1977 6. Strandness, D.E., Sumner, D.S.: Hemodynamics for Surgery. pp. 7, 81, Grunne and Stratton, New York, 1975 7. Chien, S.; Functional Rheology of RBC’s. Nato Advanced study Institute, Houston, Texas, 23 March – 4 April, 1980 8. Whittington, R.B.: Whole blood viscosity as determined by plasma viscosity, haematocrit and Shear rate. Biorheology 19: 175 (1982) 9. Evans, E.A.: Physical properties of red blood cell membranes. 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Biro, G.P., Beresford-Kroeger, D., Hendry, P.: Early deleterions hemorheologic changes following acute experimental coronary occlusion and salutary antihyperviscosrty effect of hemodilution with stroma-free hemoglobin. Am. Heart. J. 103 (5): 870 (1982) 36. Dintenfass, L.: The place of blood viscosity studies in the diagnosis and prognosis of primary and advanced melanoma and in cancer generally. Adv. Med. Oncol. Res. Educ. 10: 131 (1979) 37. Dintenfass, L: Malfunction of viscosity-receptors as the cause of hypertension. Am. H.J. 92: 260 (1976) 38. Alkner, U., Hansson, B., Lindstrom, F.D.: Factors affecting IgA related hyperviscosity. Chn. Exp. Immunol. 51 (3): 617 (1983) 39. Kimzey, S.L.: Biomedical Results from skylab. p. 249, NASA, Washington, DC., 1977 40. Dintenfass, L.: Aggregation of red cells and blood viscosity under near zero gravity. Biorheology 16: 29 (1979) |
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