Τόμος 17 (1999) – Τεύχος 2 – Άρθρο 4Σ – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση – Volume 17 (1999) – Issue 2 – Article 4Σ – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

 

Τίτλος – Title

Ενδοκρινικοί Απορρυθμιστές

Endocrine Disruptors

Συγγραφέας – Author

Αντώνιος Γούλας, Βασιλική Μήρτσου-Φιδάνη

Εργαστήριο Φαρμακολογίας, Ιατρική Σχολή, Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο, Θεσσαλονίκη 54006, Ελλάς

A. Goulas, V. Mirtsou-Fidani

Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medi­cine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece

Παραπομπή – Citation

Γούλας,Α., Μήρτσου-Φιδάνη,Β. : Ενδοκρινικοί Απορρυθμιστές , Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 17 : 129-136 (1999)

Goulas,A., Mirtsou-Fidani,V. : Endocrine Disruptors, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 17: 129-136 (1999)

Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
20-09-1999
Γλώσσα Πλήρους Κειμένου –
Full Text Language

Ελληνικά – Greek

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Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords

Ενδοκρινικοί απορρυθμιστές, μηχανισμός δράσης, ανεπιθύμητες ενέργειες

Endocrine disruptors, mechanism of action, adverse effects
Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms

Άρθρο

Article

Περίληψη – Summary

Οι ενδοκρινικοί απορρυθμιστές ή περιβαλλοντολογικά οιστρογόνα είναι ουσίες κυρίως συνθετικής προέλευσης, ευρέως διαδεδομένες στο περιβάλλον, οι οποίες μπορούν να προκαλέσουν απορρύθμιση της λειτουργίας του ενδοκρινικού συστήματος.  Δράση ενδοκρινικού απορρυθμιστή παρουσιάζουν τα πολυχλωριωμένα διφαινύλια (PCBs) και οι διοξίνες, αλλά και άλλες ουσίες στις οποίες ο σύγχρονος άνθρωπος έχει εκτεθεί κατ’ επανάληψη. Στις ουσίες αυτές περιλαμβάνονται φάρμακα (διαιθυλοστιλβοιστρόλη), εντομοκτόνα (DDT, πυρεθρίνες), πλαστικοποιητές (διφαινόλη Α, φθαλικοί εστέρες) και συστατικά απορρυπαντικών (αλκυλοφαινόλες). Οι ανεπιθύμητες ενέργειες των ενδοκρινικών απορρυθμιστών οφείλονται στην ικανότητα των μορίων τους να διαπερνούν τις κυτταρικές μεμβράνες και να αλληλεπιδρούν με τους υποδοχείς των λιπόφιλων ορμονών με αποτέλεσμα τη διαταραχή της κυτταρικής ομοιόστασης. Ιδιαίτερη ευαισθησία παρουσιάζει το έμβρυο κατά την περίοδο ανάπτυξης του αναπαραγωγικού συστήματος. Επιπρόσθετα, μακροχρόνια έκθεση του ενήλικα οργανισμού σε ενδοκρινικούς απορρυθμιστές εικάζεται ότι προκαλεί ορισμένα είδη νεοπλασιών. Η ευρεία διάδοση αυτών των ουσιών στο περιβάλλον καθιστά αναγκαία τη λήψη μέτρων για τον όσο το δυνατόν πληρέστερο έλεγχο της βιολογικής τους δράσης και τον περιορισμό της διάδοσής τους.

The term endocrine disruptors is used to define chemical substances which inter­fere with the proper function of the endo­crine system in man and other organisms. These sub­stances are predominantly man-made, they are widely distributed in the environment and exhibit an activity which mimics or antago­nizes that of estrogen or other lipid-soluble hormones, thus the name environmental estro­gens which has also been in use. Well known environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and the pesticide DDT are now considered as endocrine disruptors but other, previously unsus­pected chemicals, have been added to the list in recent years. These include other pesticides such as the pyrethrins, plasticizers such as bisphenol-A and the phthallic esters DBP and BBP, and non-ionic surfactants such as 4-octylphenol and 4-nonyl­phenol. Diethylstilbestrol (DES), a drug used in the past to prevent complications during preg­nancy, has served as the main paradigm of en­docrine disruptor action. The interaction of en­docrine disruptor molecules with the cytoplas­mic/nuclear receptors of lipid-soluble hormones as well as with enzymes which mediate in the me­tabolism of these hormones, is the prevalent hypothesis explaining their undesired effects. The latter include the abnormal development of the reproductive organs of exposed embryos and the induction of certain types of neoplastic growth in adults. Regular testing of suspect substances for endocrine disruptor activity and control of their production and release is neces­sary in order to protect the public from a poten­tially very serious health hazard with unpredict­able consequences.

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