Τόμος 14 (1996) – Τεύχος 4 – Άρθρο 4 – Επιθεώρηση Κλινικής Φαρμακολογίας και Φαρμακοκινητικής-Ελληνική Έκδοση – Volume 14 (1996) – Issue 4 – Article 4 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias και Farmakokinetikes-Greek Edition

Από | | Άρθρο - Article, Νικόλαος Αθανασιάδης,Νicolas Athanasiadis, Πλήρες Κείμενο στα Ελληνικά - Full Text in Greek, Σταύρος Τ. Πλέσσας - Stavros T. Plessas, Στυλιανός Παπαδάκης,Stylianos Papadakis, Χαράλαμπος Τ. Πλέσσας - Charalambos T. Plessas

 

Τίτλος – Title

Ωμέγα-3 Πολυακόρεστα Λιπαρά Οξέα: Σύγχρονη Θεώρηση του Ρόλου τους σε Φυσιολογικές και σε Παθολογικές Καταστάσεις

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Modern View of Their Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
Συγγραφέας – Author

Σταύρος Τ. Πλέσσας*, Νικόλαος Αθανασιάδης*, Στυλιανός Παπαδάκης* και Χαράλαμπος Τ. Πλέσσας**

*Εργαστήριο Φυσιολογίας, Τμήμα Νοσηλευτικής, Πανεπιστήμιο Αθηνών, Αθήνα ** Τμήμα Επιστημονικής Πληροφόρησης του ΦΑΡΜΑΚΟΝ-Τύπος, Αθήνα, Ελλάς

S.T. Plessas, N. Athanasiadis, S. Papadakis and S.T. Plessas

* Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Nursing, University of Athens, Athens ** Department of Scientific Information of PHARMACON-Press, Athens, Greece
Παραπομπή – Citation

Πλέσσας,Σ.Τ., Αθανασιάδης,Ν., Παπαδάκης,Σ., Πλέσσας,Χ.Τ. : Ωμέγα-3 Πολυακόρεστα Λιπαρά Οξέα: Σύγχρονη Θεώρηση του Ρόλου τους σε Φυσιολογικές και σε Παθολογικές Καταστάσεις , Επιθεώρηση Κλιν. Φαρμακολ. Φαρμακοκινητ. 14 :  (1996)

Plessas,S.T., Athanasiadis,N., Papadakis,S., Plessas,S.T. : Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Modern View of Their Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 14 : (1996)
Ημερομηνία Δημοσιευσης – Publication Date
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Λέξεις κλειδιά – Keywords

Πο­λυα­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α, ω-3 πολυα­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α, ω-6  πολυα­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α, λι­πί­δια, λινολεϊκό οξύ, α-λι­νο­λενι­κό ο­ξύ, ει­κο­σα­πε­ντα­νο­ϊ­κό ο­ξύ, ει­κο­σι­δυοε­ξα­νο­ϊ­κό ο­ξύ, αύ­ξη­ση και α­νά­πτυ­ξη, καρ­διαγ­γει­α­κή νό­σος, υ­πέρ­τα­ση, φλεγ­μο­νή, αρ­θρί­τις, αυ­τοά­νο­σες δυ­σλειτουρ­γί­ες, ψω­ρί­α­ση, καρ­κί­νος, προ­στα­γλαν­δί­νες, λευ­κο­τριέ­νια, ι­ντερ­λευ­κί­νη, αι­μο­πε­τα­λια­κός αυ­ξη­τι­κός πα­ρά­γο­ντας, εν­δο­θη­λια­κός πα­ρά­γο­ντας χά­λα­σης

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-6 polyunsatureted fatty acids, lipids, linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, growth and development, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, inflammation, arthritis, autoim­mune disorders, psoriasis, cancer, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, interleukine, platelet de­rived growth factor, endothelial derived constractor factor
Λοιποί Όροι – Other Terms

Άρθρο

Article
Περίληψη – Summary

Ο άν­θρω­πος κατά τη διάρκεια των χιλιετηρίδων από την εμφάνισή του στη γη ε­ξε­λί­χθη με δί­αι­τα, με λό­γο ω-6 και ω-3 α­κό­ρε­στων λι­πα­ρών ο­ξέ­ων ί­σο με 1, ε­νώ σή­με­ρα αυ­τός ο λό­γος κυ­μαί­νε­ται α­πό 10:1 έ­ως (20-25):1, δεί­χνο­ντας ό­τι οι δυ­τι­κές δί­αι­τες εί­ναι α­νε­παρ­κείς σε ω-3 α­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α, συ­γκρι­νό­με­νες με τις δί­αι­τες με τις ο­ποί­ες οι άν­θρω­ποι ε­ξε­λί­χθη­σαν και με τις ο­ποί­ες τα γε­νε­τι­κά τους μο­ντέ­λα διε­μορ­φώ­θη­σαν. Tá ω-3 ο­ξέ­α αυ­ξά­νουν τη διάρ­κεια της αι­μορ­ρα­γί­ας, μει­ώ­νουν τη συγκόλ­λη­ση των αι­μο­πε­τα­λί­ων, τη γλοι­ό­τη­τα του αί­μα­τος και του ι­νω­δο­γό­νου και αυ­ξά­νουν την πα­ρα­μόρ­φω­ση των ε­ρυ­θρο­κυτ­τά­ρων, ε­πί πλέ­ον μει­ώ­νο­ντας την τά­ση για σχη­μα­τι­σμό θρομ­βώσε­ων. Σε κα­μί­α κλι­νι­κή με­λέ­τη, συ­μπε­ρι­λαμ­βα­νο­μέ­νης της χει­ρουρ­γι­κής στε­φα­νια­ί­ου αρ­τη­ρια­κού μο­σχεύ­μα­τος δεν έ­χει δια­πι­στω­θεί η­υ­ξη­μέ­νη α­πώ­λει­α αί­μα­τος εξ αι­τί­ας ει­σα­γω­γής στο στό­μα­χο ω-3 ο­ξέ­ων. Πολ­λές με­λέ­τες δεί­χνουν ό­τι οι ε­πι­πτώ­σεις των ω-3 α­κό­ρε­στων λι­πα­ρών ο­ξέ­ων στα λι­πί­δια ο­ρού ε­ξαρ­τώ­νται α­πό τον τύ­πο του α­σθε­νούς και α­πό το αν η πο­σό­τη­τα των κε­κο­ρε­σμέ­νων λι­πα­ρών ο­ξέ­ων στη δί­αι­τα πα­ρα­μέ­νει στα­θε­ρή. Σε α­σθε­νείς με υ­περ­λι­πι­δαι­μί­α, τα ω-3 ο­ξέ­α μει­ώ­νουν τη χα­μη­λής πυ­κνό­τη­τας λι­πο­πρω­τε­ϊ­νι­κή χο­λη­στε­ρό­λη (LDL), ό­ταν η πε­ριε­κτι­κό­τη­τα σε κε­κο­ρε­σμέ­να λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α εί­ναι μει­ω­μέ­νη, διαφορετικά υ­πάρ­χει ε­λα­φρά αύ­ξη­ση, ε­νώ σε η­υ­ξη­μέ­νες δό­σεις (32 mg) μει­ώ­νουν την LDL. Eðß πρό­σθε­τα, μει­ώ­νουν τις τρια­κυ­λο­γλυ­κε­ρό­λες του ο­ρού σε φυ­σιο­λο­γι­κές πε­ρι­πτώ­σεις και σε α­σθε­νείς με υ­περ­τρια­κυ­λο­γλυ­κε­ρο­λαι­μί­α, ε­νώ η ε­πί­πτω­ση της υ­ψη­λής πυ­κνό­τη­τας λι­πο­πρω­τε­ΐ­νης (HDL) ποι­κίλλει α­πό μη­δε­νι­κή μέ­χρι ε­λα­φρά αύ­ξη­ση. Oé α­ντι­φά­σεις με­τα­ξύ με­λε­τών σε αν­θρώ­πους και σε ζώ­α πε­ρισ­σό­τε­ρο ο­φεί­λο­νται στις δια­φο­ρές του με­τα­βο­λι­σμού τους. Σε κλι­νι­κές δο­κι­μές τα οξέα ει­κο­σα­πε­ντα­νο­ϊ­κό (EPA) και το ει­κοσι­δυο­ε­ξα­νο­ϊ­κό (DHA) ι­χθυε­λαί­ων συγ­χο­ρη­γού­με­να με α­ντιρρευ­μα­τι­κά φάρ­μα­κα μει­ώ­νουν τον πό­νο των αρθρώσεων σε α­σθε­νείς με ρευ­μα­το­ει­δή αρ­θρί­τι­δα. Τα ο­ξέ­α αυ­τά εκ­δηλώ­νουν ευ­ερ­γε­τι­κό α­πο­τέ­λε­σμα σε α­σθε­νείς με ελ­κώ­δη κο­λί­τι­δα και σε συν­δυα­σμό με φάρ­μα­κα βελ­τιώ­νουν βλά­βες του δέρ­μα­τος, μει­ώ­νουν την υ­περ­λι­πιδαι­μί­α και την το­ξι­κό­τη­τα της κυ­κλο­σπο­ρί­νης σε α­σθε­νείς με ψω­ρί­α­ση. Σε με­ρι­κά εί­δη ζώ­ων τα ω-3 α­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α ε­λατ­τώ­νουν τον α­ριθ­μό και το μέ­γε­θος των ό­γκων και αυ­ξά­νουν το χρό­νο που με­σι­λα­βεί μέ­χρι την εμ­φά­νι­ση ό­γκων. MåëÝ­ôåò με πρω­τό­ζω­α και νε­ο­γνά αν­θρώ­πων δεί­χνουν ό­τι το DHA είναι ση­μα­ντι­κό για τη φυ­σιο­λο­γι­κή λει­τουρ­γι­κή α­νά­πτυ­ξη του αμ­φιβλη­στρο­ει­δούς χι­τώ­να και του ε­γκε­φά­λου, ι­δια­ί­τε­ρα σε α­νώ­ρι­μα νε­ο­γνά. Eðåé­äÞ τα ω-3 ο­ξέ­α εί­ναι ση­μα­ντι­κά για την αύ­ξη­ση και α­νά­πτυ­ξη σε ό­λο τον κύ­κλο ζω­ής, πρέ­πει να συ­μπε­ρι­λαμ­βά­νο­νται στις δί­αι­τες ό­λων των αν­θρώ­πων. Στον άν­θρω­πο, τα ω-3 και τα ω-6 α­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α και οι πρω­τε­ΐ­νες εί­ναι ση­μα­ντι­κά συ­στα­τι­κά ό­λων των κυτ­τα­ρι­κών μεμ­βρα­νων. Και ε­νώ η σύν­θε­ση των κυτ­τα­ρι­κών μεμ­βρά­νων σε πρω­τε­ΐ­νες κα­θο­ρί­ζεται γε­νετι­κά, αυ­τή σε πο­λυα­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α (PUFA) ε­ξαρ­τά­ται σε με­γά­λο βαθ­μό α­πό τη λή­ψη τρο­φών. Συ­νε­πώς στις πα­ρε­χό­με­νες δια­ι­τη­τι­κές συμ­βου­λές πρέ­πει να λαμ­βά­νο­νται υπ’ ό­ψη οι αναγκαίες πο­σό­τη­τες ω-3 και ω-6 ο­ξέ­ων και να διαχωρίζονται αυ­τές οι δύ­ο τά­ξεις των PUFA, ε­πει­δή δια­φέ­ρουν σα­φώς με­τα­βολι­κώς και έ­χουν α­ντί­θε­τες φυ­σιο­λο­γι­κές λει­τουρ­γί­ες. H ι­σορ­ρο­πί­α τους εί­ναι α­πα­ραί­τη­τη για την ο­μοι­ό­στα­ση και για τη φυ­σιο­λο­γι­κή α­νά­πτυ­ξη. O Ká­íá­äÜò εί­ναι η πρώ­τη χώ­ρα παρέχουσα δια­ι­τη­τι­κές συμ­βου­λές για τα ω-6 και ω-3 α­κό­ρε­στα λι­πα­ρά ο­ξέ­α.

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