Volume 43 (2025) – Supplementary Issue 1 – Article 13 – Epitheorese Klinikes Farmakologias kai Farmakokinetikes

Open Access Research

Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Dutch heart failure knowledge scale in Sudanese context

Kannan O. Ahmed^1,2*, Imad Taj Eldin³, Mirghani Yousif¹, Bashir A. Yousef^4,5, Yaman W. Kassab^2,6, Ahmed A. Albarraq⁷, Anas Babiker^8
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
²Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat, Oman
³Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
⁴Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
⁵Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
⁶College of Pharmacy, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
⁷Pharmacy Practice Research Unit (PPRU), Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
⁸Department of Cardiology, Royal Care International Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan

*Corresponding author
Kannan O. Ahmed, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan Tel.: +968-79267679; e-mail: omerkannan@gmail.com

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Abstract
Background: Sudanese heart failure patients (HF) face challenges in self-care due to limited disease knowledge. Aim: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale (DHFKS) into Arabic for use in Sudan. Methodology: Following a standard forward–backward translation, two bilingual translators and a panel of cardiologists and linguists produced the Arabic version. After pilot-testing with local patients, the scale was administered to 110 outpatients. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) and test–retest reliability (p-value) were evaluated. Results: The Arabic DHFKS demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.824) and acceptable test–retest reliability (p<0.05). Mean score was 5.34 ± 2.41, highlighting areas for targeted educational interventions. Conclusion: These findings confirm that the Arabic DHFKS is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing HF knowledge, supporting its use in clinical practice and research to guide patient education and improve outcomes.

Keywords: Dutch heart failure knowledge scale, Arabic translation, cultural adaption, validation, selfcare, Sudan

Please cite as: Ahmed K. O., Taj Eldin I., Yousif M., Yousef B. A., Kassab Y. W., Albarraq A. A., Babiker A.: Translation and validation of the Arabic version of the Dutch Heart Failure Knowledge Scale in Sudanese context. Epitheorese Klin. Farmakol. Farmakokinet. 43(Sup1): 51-53 (2025). DOI: 10.61873/SJCD2302